246. The pretonic particle báwat every precedes that modified, forming an object expression with or without aŋ (§ [66], end): Báwat marúnuŋ naŋ leksyòn ay makaáalìs pagdatìŋ naŋ alasìŋko. 25Everyone who knows the lesson will be allowed to leave at five o’clock. Aŋ báwat hindí marúnuŋ naŋ leksyòn ay màtìtirà haŋgàŋ alasès. Every one of those who do not know the lesson will have to stay till six o’clock. báwat táo everyone, each person.
247. gaáno, gáno how? (§ [190]) is used absolutely before 30words with prefix ka- expressing high degree of a quality (see Morphology and cf. §§ [76]. 179): gáno katabàʾ? How fat? gáno kaláyoʾ? How far? Gánu ka na bà kakínis? How clever are you now?
248. The pretonic particle káhit precedes interrogatives and 35isà one absolutely or with na; its force is generalizing, more emphatically than màn (§ [221]). The expression so formed is an object expression used with or without aŋ (§ [68]): aŋ káhit na síno, aŋ káhit síno, káhit na síno, káhit síno anyone, anyone whatever, no matter who, káhit anò anything whatever, káhit na anu ŋ 40táo any sort of person whatever, káhit na sínu ŋ táo any person whatever, sa káhit alì ŋ bandà in any direction, káhit isà anyone whatever, even one.
These expressions are often strengthened by màn (§ [221]) or pà màn (§ [227]): Hindí na sya sumakày sa káhit ano pa màn. This time he did not ride on anything. káhit sínu màn anyone at all.
Expressions beginning with káhit have the peculiarity that 5in the two normally conjunctive constructions in which they stand na, ŋ is often omitted before them:
After walàʾ (§ [138]): Walá káhit anò. There isn’t a thing. Walá sila káhit anò. They haven’t a thing. So even when walàʾ does not immediately precede: Nàbuksàn aŋ pintú naŋ wala ŋ 10nakàmálay káhit sínu màn. The door came open without anyone noticing it. Walá pa sila ŋ nàhùhúli káhit anò. They had not yet caught anything, literally: anything that was caught. Walá sya ŋ nàlàláman káhit isa ŋ hóta. He did not know a single iota. Occasionally na, ŋ is used: Walá sya ŋ màkíta ŋ táo ŋ káhit anò. 15He saw no person whatever.
As (normally conjunctive, § [149]) attribute of time during which: Sya y hindí màtahímik káhit isà ŋ sandalèʾ. He cannot keep quiet even for a single moment. See §§ [253]. 294.
249. kápuwàʾ, kápwàʾ fellow-, equally, applied to one of a 20pair, is sometimes used with personal pronouns: in this case it follows (cf. § [129]): Si Pédro at si Hwàn ay dalawa ŋ kápwa magnanákaw. Pedro and Juan are two fellow thieves. aŋ kápwa nya magnanákaw his fellow-thief, Kápuwa maínam aŋ tinìg nila ŋ dalawà. The voices of the two are equally pleasant. Kápwa 25sila malakàs. They are equally strong. Sinàsaktan silà kápuwaʾ. They both get hurt. Redundantly: Namílog si Hwàn naŋ úlo naŋ kápwa nya kalaròʾ. Juan fooled (literally: rounded the head of) his (fellow) playmate.
The word modified may be anaphorically omitted: Aŋ táwo 30y hindí dápat sumakìt naŋ kanya ŋ kápwaʾ. One must not injure one’s fellow (sc. táo man).
250. The transient pretonic particle magìŋ and its other transient forms (see Morphology) express that the word or phrase modified is something coming into being, arising, at the time 35specified by the tense-form of the particle: Sya y nagìŋ hukòm. He became judge. aŋ nagìŋ pagkáhulè the falling-behind which arose, Nagìŋ isa syà sa maŋa hindí nátaŋgàp. He turned out to be one of those who were not accepted.