The World Before the Deluge

by Louis Figuier

---

• Abbeville, [475].
• „Peat-beds and Flint-tools of, [476].
• Abietinæ, [193].
• Acacia, [318].
• Acanthodes, [126].
• Acephala of the Oolite, [246].
• Acephalous or headless Molluscs, [288].
• Acerites cretaceæ, [283].
• Acrodus nobilis, [217].
• Acrogens, [123].
• Adams, Mr., discoveries of, [391].
• Adapis, [325].
• Adelsberg Cave, [430].
• Adeona folifera, [247].
• Adhémar’s Glacial Hypothesis, [436].
• Adiantites, [120].
• Agassiz on Glaciers, [439].
• Age of Angiosperms, [300].
• „ Formations, how ascertained, [5].
• Ailsa Craig, [49].
• Air Volcano at Turbaco, [61], [63].
• Albien of D’Orbigny, [300].
• Albite, [96].
• Aleutian Isles, [70].
• Algæ, [103], [114], [123], [309], [336].
• Alkaline Waters of Plombières, [64].
• Alleghany Mountains, [75].
• Alluvial Deposits, [485].
• Almites Frescii, [203].
• Alps, upheaval of, [427].
• Alveolites, [333].
• Amber, [310], [316], [355].
• Amblypterus, [146].
• Amiens, Peat-beds of, [475].
• Ammonite, a perfect, [260].
• „ restoration of an, [216].
• Ammonites, [11], [12], [207], [212], [214], [246].
• „ rostratus, [292], [294].
• „ Turneri, [215].
• „ of Jurassic Period, [215].
• „ rotundus, [263].
• „ Herveyii, [246].
• „ Danicus, [311].
• Amorphozoa, [301].
• Ancient Glaciers of the Rhine, Linth, and the Reus, [449].
• Ancient Granite, [31].
• Ancyloceras, [288].
• Andrias Scheuchzeri, [368].
• Angiosperms, Age of, [300].
• „ Seeds, in a Seed-vessel, [283], [300].
• Animal of the Ohio, [343].
• „ of Paraguay, [401].
• Annelides, [126].
• Anning, Mary, [219], [225].
• Annularia, [137], [154].
• „ orifolia, [158].
• Anodon, [120], [334].
• Anomopteris, [193].
• Anoplotherium, [319], [323].
• „ commune, [323].
• Anorthite, [96].
• Antediluvian Glaciers, [449].
• „Man, [367].
• Anthracite, [72].
• Antiquity of Man, [469].
• Antwerp Crag, [373].
• Ape, [360].
• „ First Appearance of, [349].
• Apiocrinites liliiformis, [261].
• „rotundus, [261].
• Aploceras, [146].
• Aptien (Greensand of Apt) Fossils of Havre, of the Isle of Wight, [297].
• Apuan Alps, [76].
• Arborescent Ferns, [130].
• Arbroath Paving-stone, [129].
• Archæopteryx, [265].
• Archegosaurus minor, [154], [158].
• Arctocyon primævus, [332].
• Arenicolites, [101].
• Argile de Dives, [264].
• „plastique, [332].
• Armentaceæ, [297].
• Arran, Granite of, [38].
• Artesian Wells, [16], [88].
• Artificially-formed Coal, [164].
• Asaphus caudatus, [103].
• Ashburnham Sands, [286].
• Ashdown Sands, [286].
• Ashes, Showers of Volcanic, [58].
• Asiatic Deluge, [423]; caused by upheaval of Caucasian Range, [480].
• Asplenium, [315].
• Asteracanthus, [266].
• Asterias lombricalis, [213].
• Asterophyllites, [120], [154], [158], [173], [177].
• „ foliosa, [157].
• Atherfield Series of Rocks, [287].
• Atlantis of Plato, [118], [281].
• Atrypa reticularis, [127].
• Auchenaspis, [129].
• Aucolin, [299].
• Augite, [44].
• Auvergne, Mountains of, [62].
• „ Acidulated Springs in, [64].
• „ Extinct Volcanoes of, [51].
• Aveyron Savage, [469].
• Avicula, [189], [205], [252], [272].
• „ contorta, [207].
• „ contorta zone, [207].
• Azores, New Islands formed in the, [70].
• Baculites, [289].
• Bagshot Beds, [332].
• Bajocien Formation, [249].
• Bala Beds, [109].
• Balæna of Monte Pulgnasco, [370].
• Balænodon Lamanoni, [370].
• Balistes, or Silurus, [218].
• Baltic Sea filling up, [282], [490].
• Banksia, [318].
• Barmouth Sandstone, [101].
• Basalt in Prismatic Columns, [47].
• Basalt, [44].
• „ Action of, upon Limestone, [72].
• „ of Ireland, [48].
• „ Prismatic Structure of, [49].
• Basaltic Formations, [44].
• „ Causeways, [48], [49].
• „ Plateau, theoretical view of, [47].
• „ Cavern of Staffa, [50].
• Bat, [326], [338].
• Bath Oolite, [243], [250].
• Bathonian Formation, [249].
• Batrachian Reptiles of Pliocene, [358].
• Baumann’s Hohl, [429].
• Bay of Fundy, [159].
• Beaver, Disappearance of, [184].
• „ of Post-Pliocene Period, [379].
• Beds of Coal, Formation of, [159].
• Bees, [255].
• Belemnite restored, [216].
• „of Liassic Period, [217].
• Belemnites, [212], [215], [260].
• „acutus, [217].
• Bellerophon, [108].
• „ costatus, [145].
• „ hiulcus, [145].
• Beloptera Sepioidea, [181], [434].
• Bembridge Series, [330], [332].
• Ben Nevis, [90], [182].
• Bernese Alps, [427].
• Beryx Lewesiensis, [294].
• Biblical Account of Noachian Deluge, [480].
• Bidiastopora cervicornis, [246].
• Bigsby, Dr. J. T., on Silurian Fauna and Flora, [104].
• Binney, Edw., on Boulder Clay of Lancashire, [462].
• Bird of Solenhofen, [265].
• „of Montmartre, [326].
• Birds, First Appearance of, [193].
• „ of Eocene Period, [326].
• „ of Miocene Period, [369].
• Bison primigenius, [399].
• „ priscus, [399].
• Bituminous Fountains, [60].
• Black Down Beds, [310].
• Boccaccio’s Giant, [284].
• Bogs of Denmark, [477].
• Bone-beds of Rhætic, or Penarth Series, [207].
• Bone-breccias, [429].
• Bone Caves, [429].
• „ „ H. W. Bristow on formation of, [475].
• Bos, [379], [414].
• „Pallasii, [399].
• „Primigenius, [184].
• Bracheux Sands, [332].
• Brachiopoda, [109].
• „ Abundance of, in Devonian Period, [126].
• „ in Upper Cretaceous Period, [300].
• „ Reign of, [126].
• Brachyphyllum, [249].
• Bracklesham Beds, [332].
• Bradford Clay, [250].
• „Encrinites, [252].
• Branch of Banksia, [318].
• „Eucalyptus, [317].
• Bray Head, [101].
• Breccia, Ossiferous, [432].
• Brecciated Limestone, [174], [176].
• Bridlington Beds, [460].
• Bristow, H. W., on Formation of Bone Caves, [475].
• „on Brixham Bone-cave, [473].
• „on Penarth or Rhætic Beds, [207].
• British Islands at close of Jurassic Period, [274].
• British Strata, Section of, [244].
• „Table of, [493]-[499].
• Brixham Bone-cave, [473].
• Brongniart, Ad., on Upper Cretaceous Fauna, [301].
• Bronze Age, [478].
• Brumberg Cavern, [432].
• Buckland, Dr., on Kirkdale Cave, [380].
• Buffon and Voltaire, [6].
• „ on Man, [470].
• „ on Fossils, [6].
• Bunter Sandstone, [187].
• Burrh Stone, [355].
• Butterflies, [255].
• Caithness Flags, [128].
• Calamary, [215], [259].
• Calamite restored, [135].
• Calamites, [134], [152], [177], [193], [202].
• „arenaceus, [194].
• „cannæformis, [154].
• „Trunk of, [136].
• Calcaire de la Beauce, [355].
• „ Grossier, [325], [332].
• Calceola Sandalina, [127].
• Calderas, [70].
• Calymene Blumenbachii, [110].
• Cambrian Period, [101].
• „ Fauna, [101].
• Camper, Pierre, on the Mosasaurus, [304].
• „ „ „ Œningen Skeleton, [368].
• Camptopteris crenata, [239].
• Canstadt Excavations, [386], [396].
• Cantal Group of Mountains, [43].
• „ „ „ a peak of, [40].
• Cape Wrath, Granite and Gneiss of, [32].
• Capitosaurus, [190].
• Caradoc Beds, [109].
• Carboniferous Flora, [151].
• „„ compared with that of Islands in the Pacific, [151].
• Carboniferous Limestone, [130], [140].
• „ Period, [130].
• „ Vegetation of, [130].
• „ Climate of, [133].
• „ Foraminifera of, [143], [146].
• „ of France, [150].
• „ Crustaceans of, [141].
• „ Rocks, [149].
• „ Seas, [146].
• Cardiocarpon, [177].
• Cardium Rhæticum, [207].
• „ striatulum, [269].
• Carpinites arenaceus, [283].
• Carrara Marble, [65], [73], [76], [377].
• Caryophylla cyathus, [356].
• Causeways, Basaltic, [49].
• Cave Bear, [395], [473].
• „Deposits, [468], [472].
• „Hyæna, [398].
• „Lion, [398].
• Caverns, their Origin, [129].
• Cellaria loriculata, [247].
• Central Heat of the Earth, [15].
• „ Increase of in Depth, [16].
• Central France, Puys of, [51].
• Cephalaspis, [125].
• Cephalopoda, [108], [127], [215], [301].
• Ceratites, [189].
• Ceratites nodosus, [189].
• Cerithium, [333], [334].
• Cerithium plicatum, [350].
• „telescopium, [335].
• Cervus megaceros, [184], [400].
• Cestracion, [218].
• Cetaceans of Pliocene Period, [369].
• Cetiosaurus, [256], [265].
• Chæropotamus, [325].
• Chætetes, [146].
• Chalk Formation, [275], [309].
• „ Foraminifera of, [146].
• Chalk Marl, [309].
• „ White, [309].
• „ of Cattolica, Sicily, [280].
• „ of Gravesend, [278].
• „ of Isle of Moën, [279].
• „ of Meudon, [277].
• Chara, [315].
• Cheirotherium, [13], [21], [190].
• Chemical Theory of the Earth, [15].
• Chesil Bank, [270].
• Chillesford Beds, [372].
• Chimæra, [218].
• Chloë, Isle of, [151].
• Chondrites, [309].
• Chorda-filum, [124].
• Christiana Granite and Syenite, [38].
• Cinder Bed of Purbeck, [272].
• Cipoline Marble, [76].
• Cirripedes, [260].
• Clermont-Ferrand, [51].
• Climate of the Coal Period, [151].
• „Permian Period, [174].
• Climatius, [126].
• Clinkstone, [43].
• Clymenia Sedgwickii, [127].
• Coal, [132].
• „ Formation of, [159].
• „ Origin of, [159].
• „ Theories Respecting Formation of, [159].
• „ Stratification of Beds of, [165].
• „ Quantities annually raised in different Countries, [166].
• „ Quantity of, in United Kingdom, [167].
• Coal Measures, [130], [150].
• „ Composition of, [164].
• „ Extent of, [166].
• „ Flora of, [150].
• „ of Scotland, [167].
• „ of South Wales, [167].
• „ of Belgium, [167].
• „ of France, [167].
• „ Time of Formation, [132].
• „ Composition of, [132].
• Coal Mines of Treuil, [160].
• Coccosteus, [125], [142].
• Cœlacanthus, [175].
• Composition of Air in Carboniferous Period, [133].
• Comptonia, [283].
• Confervæ of the Chalk, [309].
• Conglomerates, [129].
• Conifers of Jurassic Period, [249], [269].
• „ of Cretaceous Period, [283].
• „ of Eocene Period, [316].
• „ of Miocene Period, [336].
• „ of Pliocene Period, [358].
• Contortions of Coal Beds, [167].
• Conybeare’s Account of Plesiosaurus, [229].
• Copper Slate, Fossils of, [177].
• „„ of Thuringia, [178].
• Coprolites, Petrified Excrements of Antediluvian Animals, [12], [207], [373].
• „ of Ichthyosaurus, enclosing Bones, [225].
• „ of Ichthyosaurus, showing Cast of Intestines, [225].
• „ Bed of Cambridge, [309].
• Coral Rag, [243], [264], [301].
• Coralline Crag, Corals of, [372].
• Corals, [141], [205], [240], [247], [263], [266], [301].
• Cornbrash, [243], [250], [252].
• Cornstone, [129].
• Cornwall, Granite of, [38].
• Coryphodon, [332].
• Cotham Marble, [208].
• Coupe, la, d’Ayzac, [46], [47].
• Crag, [372].
• Creation of Man, [464].
• „„Evidences of, [469].
• „World, Scriptural Account of, Defended, [18].
• Credneria, [283], [297]-[300].
• Crematopteris, [163].
• Cretaceous Period, [275], [306].
• „„ Fauna of, [282], [285], [300].
• „„ Flora of, [282], [300].
• „„ Reptiles of, [285].
• „„ Fishes of, [285], [294].
• Crinoidea, [127].
• Crioceras, [288], [297].
• „ Duvallii, [274].
• Crocodile of Maestricht, [184], [303], [326].
• Crocodilus Toliapicus, [326].
• Croll, J., on Till, [457].
• Crust of the Earth, Composition of, [96].
• „„Thickness of, [87], [89].
• „„Temperature of, [88].
• Crustaceans, [107], [110], [141], [286].
• „ Predominance of, in Lower Silurian Seas, [107].
• „ Rarity of in Carboniferous Period, [141].
• „ of Eocene Period, [326].
• „ of Miocene Period, [350].
• Cryptogamia, [187], [194], [203].
• Crystalline Action, [71].
• „ Limestone, [174], [176].
• „ Rocks Defined, [28].
• Cucumites, [315].
• Cupanioides, [315].
• Cupressocrinus crassus, [128].
• Cuvier’s Account of Plesiosaurus, [233].
• „ Account of Pterodactyle, [33].
• „ on the Restoration of Extinct Animals, [7].
• „ on the Destruction of Species, [381].
• „ on the Mammoth, [396].
• Cyathophyllum, [146].
• Cycadeaceæ, [266].
• Cycads, [239], [249], [270], [283].
• Cycas circinalis, [168].
• Cypress, [240], [249].
• Cypris, [272].
• „ fasciculata, [272].
• „ spinigera and C. Valdensis, [298].
• Cyrtoceras depressum, [176].
• Damara, [194].
• Danian Beds, [309], [311].
• Danish Peat Mosses and Kjökken Mödden, [477].
• Dartmoor, Granite of, [36], [37], [79].
• Darwin, C., on Coral Formations, [263].
• „ Volcanoes of Quito, [55].
• Daubeny on Basalt, [44].
• Davidsonia Verneuilli, [127].
• Dawkins, W. B., Discoverer of Microlestes, [207].
• De la Beche on the Plesiosaurus, [229].
• De Rance, C. E., on Glacial Deposits, [458].
• Deer, [399].
• Deluge confirmed by traditions of all Ancient Races, [482].
• Denudation, [28].
• Descartes, [15].
• Destruction of Successive Creations, [184].
• Devon and Cornwall, Granite of, [38].
• Devonian Period, [119].
• „System, [170].
• „Flora, [120].
• „Fishes, [125].
• Diameter of the Earth, [87].
• Diceras Limestone, [265].
• Dicotyledons, [182], [282].
• Diluvium, [422], [423].
• Dinornis, [134], [382].
• Dinornis, [414], [417].
• Dinotherium, [339], [356].
• „ restored, [340].
• Diorite, [35].
• Diplacanthus, [126].
• Dirt-bed, Fossils of, [271].
• Dodo, [184].
• Dolomite, [178].
• Domite, [43].
• Donati on Fossil Shells, [6].
• Downs, North and South, [278].
• Downton Sandstone, [112].
• Draco volans, [238].
• Draconidæ, [237].
• Dragon Fly, [243], [255].
• Dragons of Mythology, [237], [361].
• Drifted Rocks, [27].
• Drôme, the, [299].
• Dryopithecus, [350], [353].
• Dykes, [27].
• Early Geologists, [5].
• Earth, Cooling of the, [80].
• „ Theories of the Origin of the, [6].
• „ in a Gaseous State, [81].
• Earth’s Crust, Thickness of, [89].
• „ Surface, Changes of, [3].
• Earthy Limestone, [281].
• Ebur Fossile, [386].
• Echinoderms, [189], [213], [247], [261], [297], [300], [301], [326].
• Edentates, [382], [400], [407].
• Ehrenberg’s Microscopic Investigations, [277].
• Electric Currents, Action of, [79].
• Elephant of the Ohio, [343], [347].
• Elephants, Fossil, [386].
• Elephants’ Cemetery at Canstadt, [386].
• Elephas meridionalis, [372].
• „primigenius, [347], [382], [383].
• Emys, [265], [319].
• Encrinites, [127], [173], [181], [196], [252].
• „ Abundance of during Devonian Period, [120].
• Encrinus liliiformis, [190], [261].
• Entalophora cellarioides, [246].
• Eocene Strata of France and England, [329].
• Eocene, [314].
• „Period, [315].
• „Vegetation, [315].
• „Fauna, Seas, [319], [329].
• „Characters of, [330].
• „Table of Strata, [330].
• Epilogue, [489].
• Epiornis, [184], [382], [417].
• Equiseta (Horse-tails), [134], [202], [203], [239], [315].
• Erratic Blocks, [424].
• „ of the Alps, [448].
• Eruption of Granite, [92].
• Eruptive Rocks, [4], [27], [30], [31].
• „ Plutonic Eruptions, [31].
• „ Volcanic „ [51].
• Eryon arctiformis, [260].
• Erymanthean Boar, [184].
• Estimated Coal Measures of the World, [166].
• Etheridge, R., on Devonian and Old Red Sandstone, [129].
• Etna, Volcano of Mount, [56], [68].
• Eucalyptus, [317].
• Eunomia radiata, [247], [252].
• Europe at Close of Cretaceous Period, [311].
• „„ Pliocene Period, [377].
• European Deluge, [378], [422].
• Eurypterus, [110].
• „ remipes, [111].
• Exogyra conica, [294], [311].
• Expansion of the Earth at the Equator, [84].
• Extinct Volcanoes of Auvergne, [51].
• Eye of Ichthyosaurus, [220].
• Falconer, Dr., on Brixham Cave, [473].
• Faluns, [355].
• „of Paris Basin, [356].
• Fans, of Brecon, [128].
• Fault, a Dislocation of Strata, [71].
• Fauna, Definition of Term, [4].
• „ Devonian, [129].
• „ Neocomian, [287].
• „ of Permian Period, [183].
• „ of the Middle Oolite, [255].
• „ of the Upper Oolite, [265].
• „ of Cretaceous Period, [285], [294].
• „ of Eocene Period, [319].
• „ of Pliocene Period, [358].
• „ of Miocene Period, [339].
• Faxoe Beds, [309].
• Felis spelæa, [398].
• Felspar, composition of, [96].
• Fenestrella retiformis, [175].
• Ferns, [130], [134], [140], [176], [193], [239], [248], [282], [315].
• Fingal’s Cave, Staffa, [49], [50].
• Fisher, Rev. O., on Chillesford Clay, [372].
• „ on Warp and Trail, [461].
• Fishes, Silurian, [107].
• „ Bones of, [112].
• „ of Devonian Period, [125].
• „ of Carboniferous Period, [146].
• „ of Oolitic Seas, [266].
• „ of Cretaceous Seas, [285], [294].
• „ of Eocene Period, [326].
• „ of Miocene Period, [339].
• Fissurella nembosa, [463].
• Fissures near Locarno, [57].
• Flabellaria, [315], [329], [336].
• „ Chamæropifolia, [288].
• Flint-tools in peat-beds, [475].
• Flints, [281].
• Flora of Upper Cretaceous Period, [309].
• „of Devonian Period, [120].
• „of Cretaceous Period, [282].
• „of Tertiary Period, [313].
• „of Eocene Period, [329].
• „of Triassic Period, [194].
• „of Miocene Period, [326], [353], [381].
• „of Carboniferous Period, [135].
• „of Permian Period, [174], [183].
• „of Pliocene Period, [381].
• „of Upper Oolite Period, [266].
• Fluvio-marine Crag, [372].
• Foliation, Cause of, [77].
• Footprints in Rocks, [121], [173], [190], [196], [269].
• „at Corncockle Moor, [13].
• Foraminifera, [146], [313], [326].
• „ of the Chalk, [146], [276], [286].
• „ of the Mountain Limestone, [146].
• Forbes (Professor Ed.) on the Pliocene Marine Fauna, [374].
• Forest-bed of Norfolk, [372], [418].
• Forest Marble, [243], [250], [252].
• Formation of Primitive Granite, [90].
• Fossil, Term Defined, [4].
• „ Bones, [4], [5].
• „ Uses of, [5].
• „ Condition of, [11].
• „ Footprints, [13].
• „ Species, relations of, to existing Species, [11].
• „ Ivory of Siberia, [388].
• „ Palms restored, [284].
• „ Shells, [4].
• „ Fishes, [175].
• „ Leeches, [217].
• „ Licorn, [398].
• „ Unicorn, [386].
• Fossils of Permian Formation, [173].
• „ of Keuper Formation, [201].
• „ of Upper Oolite, [265].
• „ of Neocomian Beds, [297].
• „ of Orgonian Beds, [297].
• „ of Aptien Beds, [297].
• „ of the Glauconie, [300].
• „ of Calcaire Grossier, [332].
• „ of Muschelkalk, [189].
• „ of New Red Sandstone, [187].
• „ of Argile Plastique, [332].
• Fournet on the Drôme, [299].
• „on Eruptions of Granite, &c., [36].
• „on Eruptions of Gas and Water, [64].
• Fox of Œningen, [338].
• Fucoids, [123].
• Fuller’s Earth, [243], [250].
• Fusulina cylindrica, [143].
• Future of the Earth and Man considered, [489].
• Gabian, Bituminous Springs of, [60].
• Gailenreuth, Caves of, [429], [430].
• Galacynus Œningensis, [339].
• Ganoid Fishes, [181], [217], [246].
• Garonne Valley, [428].
• Gastornis, [332].
• Gault, [281], [300], [309].
• Gavials of India, [259], [291].
• Geikie, Prof., on Till, [457].
• Gemerelli on Fossils, [6].
• Geological humus, [271].
• „ Inferences, Hypothetical Nature of, [3].
• Geological Record, Complexity of, [30].
• Geology, Objects of, [2], [3].
• „ a Recent Science, [3].
• „ its Influence on other Sciences, [3].
• „ How to be Studied, [3].
• Geosaurus, [256].
• Geoteuthis, [259].
• Gerilea protea, [318].
• Geysers of Iceland, [16], [67].
• Giants’ Causeways, [49].
• „„ in the Ardèche, [48].
• „ Legends of, accounted for, [5].
• Gigantology, [384].
• Glacial Action during Permian Period, [174].
• „ Deposits of Northern England and Wales, [457].
• „ Period, [372], [378], [435].
• „ Evidences of, [463].
• „ Regions of Europe, [451].
• „ Theory of Martins, [462].
• Glacier System of Wales, [106].
• „ Systems, [440].
• Glaciers of Scotland, [454].
• „of Switzerland, [449].
• „of the British Isles, [457].
• Glauconie, or Glauconite, [300].
• Glaucous Chalk, [300], [310].
• Glenroy, Parallel Roads of, [456].
• Globe, Modification of Surface of, [26].
• Glyptodon, the, [401].
• Glyptolepis, [120].
• Gneiss of Cape Wrath, [32].
• „ Laurentian, [74].
• „ Composition of, [96].
• Goniatites, [127].
• Goniatites evolutus, [145].
• Goulet, Great and Little, [299].
• Granite, [182].
• „Mineral Composition of, [32], [96].
• „How Formed, [33].
• „of St. Austell, [39].
• „of Christiana, [36].
• „of Dartmoor, [79].
• „of Cornwall and Devon, [36], [38].
• „Eruptions of, [90], [92], [98].
• „Stratified or Foliated, [97].
• „Qualities of, [32].
• „How Formed, [33].
• „Veins of, at Cape Wrath, [32].
• Granitic Eruptions, [92].
• Gran Seco, [410].
• Graptolites, [107].
• Gravesend Chalk, under Microscope, [278].
• Great Animal of Maestricht, [304].
• Great Oolite, [243], [250].
• „ Reptiles of, [250].
• Great Year, the, [436].
• Green, A. H., on Glacial Deposits, [458].
• Greensand, Upper and Lower, [275], [281], [297], [309].
• Greenstone, [35].
• Grès Bigarré, [37], [185].
• Grès de Beauchamp, [333].
• Grès des Vosges, [178].
• Grotta del Cane, [64].
• Grotto des Demoiselles, [433].
• Grotto of Cheeses, Trèves, [50].
• Gryphæa dilatata, [264].
• „ virgula, [269].
• „ incurva, [212].
• Gulf Stream, [435].
• Gymnogens, Plants with Naked Ovary, [152].
• Gymnosperms, [193], [283], [300].
• Gypseous Formation, [333].
• Gypsum Quarries of Montmartre, Fossils in, [73], [325].
• Gyroceras, [108].
• Haidingera speciosa, [194].
• Hakea, [318].
• Hallstadt Beds, [205].
• Halysites catenularius, [113].
• Hamites, [288], [297].
• Hannibal’s Elephants, [387].
• Harkness, Prof., on Glacial Deposits, [458].
• Harlech Sandstones, [101].
• Hastings Sands, [287].
• Hawaii, Volcanoes of, [59], [69].
• Head of Cave-bear, [398].
• „of Cave-hyæna, [399].
• „of Mosasaurus Camperi, [306].
• „of Rhinoceros tichorhinus, [360].
• Headon Beds, [330], [332].
• Hemicosmites pyriformis, [108].
• Hennessey, on the Earth’s Crust, [89].
• Hepaticas, [315].
• Herbaceous ferns, [131].
• Herbivora, Eocene, [325].
• Heterocercal, [175].
• Hippopotamus, [360], [379].
• Hippurites, [301], [310].
• Holl, Dr., on Malvern Rocks, [78].
• Holoptychius, [154].
• Homo diluvii testis, [367].
• Homocercal, [175].
• Hopkins, Evan, on Earth’s Antiquity, [20].
• „„ on Terrestrial Magnetism, [22].
• „ W., Theory of Central Heat, [17].
• „„ on the Earth’s Crust, [88].
• Horse, [379], [399], [417].
• Horse-tails, [134], [202].
• Hot Springs, [64].
• Hughes, T. McK., Discovery of Glutton by, [431].
• Hull, Prof., on Trias, [185].
• „ on Glacial Deposits, [458].
• Human Jaw, [472].
• „ Period, [474].
• Hunt, Rob., Electric Experiments of, [79].
• „ Prof. Sterry, on Formation of Crystalline Schists, [96].
• Hutton’s Theory of the Earth, [3].
• Hyæna Spelæa, [398], [417].
• „ head of, [399], [417].
• Hyænodon, [396].
• Hybodus, [217].
• Hyera, Island of, [70].
• Hylæosaurus, Lizard of the Woods, [205], [207], [225], [290].
• Hymenoptera, [225].
• Iceland, Geysers of, [16], [65], [67].
• „Lava Streams in, [60].
• „Volcanoes of, [60], [67].
• Ichthyodorulites, [217].
• Ichthyosaurus, [218], [229], [255], [256].
• „Coprolites of, [12].
• Ichthyosaurus communis, [218].
• „ platydon, [219], [222].
• Igneous Rocks, [31], [182].
• Iguana, [293].
• Iguanodon, [292].
• „ Mantelli, [285].
• „ Teeth of, [293].
• Illænus Barriensis, [112].
• Incandescence of the Globe, [17].
• „of the Sun, [17].
• Indian Traditions of the Father of the Ox, [347].
• Inferior Oolite, [249].
• Infra-Lias, [209].
• Injected Veins of Granite, [32].
• Insects, [157], [225], [334].
• „of Coal-measures, [151].
• „of Oolites, [255], [266].
• Iron Age, [478].
• „ Ore in Coal-measures, [165].
• „„in Orgonian Beds, [298].
• Ischadites Kœnigii, [118].
• Islands, Sudden Appearance of, [70].
• Isle of Bones, [388].
• „Lächow, [388].
• „Portland, [270].
• „Purbeck, [271].
• „Wight Alligator, [326].
• Jamieson, T. F., on Glenroy, [454].
• Jarrow Colliery, [139].
• Java, Volcanic Mountains of, [67], [69].
• „Valley of Poison, [64].
• Jaw and Tooth of Megalosaurus, [291].
• „of Phascolotherium, [245].
• „of Thylacotherium, [245].
• Jet, [274].
• Juglandites elegans, [283].
• Jukes, J. B., on Devonian and Old Red Sandstone, [129].
• Jura Mountains, [243], [273].
• Jurassic Limestone, [243].
• „Distribution of, [272].
• „Reptiles of, [220].
• „Plants of the, [238].
• „Series, Distinguishing Features of, [215].
• Kangaroo, [245].
• Kea, Mauna, [61], [69].
• Kellaways Rock, [264].
• Kent’s Hole, [380], [472].
• Kentish Rag, [287].
• Keuper, [199], [293].
• „Rock Salt in, [199], [204].
• Kilauea, Volcano of, [56].
• „ Eruption of, [69].
• „ Crater of, [56], [59].
• Kimeridge Clay, [19], [243], [266], [269].
• King, Prof., on Permian System, [174].
• Kirkdale Cave, [380], [398], [429].
• Kjökken-Mödden, [477].
• Koessen Beds, [208].
• Kupfer Schiefer, [170].
• Labradorite, [44].
• Labyrinthodon, [190].
• „ pachygnathus, [12].
• Labyrinthodon restored, [193].
• La Coupe d’Ayzac, Crater of, [45].
• Lacunosus laciniatus, [184].
• Lacustrine Habitations, [472].
• Ladies’ Fingers, [216].
• Lake Dwellings, [472].
• Lamellibranchs, [266].
• Landscape Stone, [208].
• Land-turtles, [190].
• Laplace’s Theory of the Earth, [17], [80].
• Lasmocyathus, [146].
• Laurentian Formation in Britain, [10], [79].
• „ Gneiss, [74].
• Lava Formations, [39], [51], [59].
• „Streams of, [59].
• Lecoq, on Triassic Vegetation, [194].
• „Keuper Flora, [202].
• „Cretaceous Flora, [282].
• „Tertiary Flora, [316].
• „Flora of Miocene Period, [336].
• „the Vegetation of Pliocene Period, [357].
• Leibnitz’ Fossil Unicorn, [386].
• Lepidodendra, [134], [138], [157], [173].
• Lepidodendron carinatum, [134], [138].
• „ elegans, [140].
• „ Sternbergii, [139], [141].
• „ Sternbergii restored, [142].
• Lepidoptera, [255].
• Lepidostrobus variabilis, [140].
• Lepidotus, [266], [272].
• „ gigas, [217].
• Leptæna Murchisoni, [127].
• Le Puy, Chain of, [51].
• Lias, The, [211];
• Lower, Upper, and Middle, [212].
• Liassic Period, [211], [217].
• „ Fauna, [213].
• „ Flora, [239].
• Libellula, [243].
• Licorn Fossil, [386].
• Life, First Appearance of, [99].
• „Abundance of, in Upper Silurian Times, [104].
• Lignite, [337], [354].
• Lima gigantea, [212].
• „ striata, [189].
• „ proboseilea, [246].
• Limestone, [212].
• „of La Beauce, [355].
• „of Solenhofen, [243], [273].
• „Metamorphism of, [73], [75].
• Limnæa, [272], [334].
• Lingula, [107].
• „Credneri, [175].
• „Flags, [101], [107].
• Lions with Curly Manes, [184].
• Lipari Isles, [55], [68].
• Lithographic Limestone of Solenhofen, [343].
• Lithostrotion, [181].
• „ basaltiforme, [145].
• Lituites cornu-arietis, [108].
• Lizard of the Meuse, [305].
• Llanberis Slates, [101].
• Llandeilo Flags, [109].
• Llandovery Rocks, [107].
• Loa, Mauna, [55].
• Locarno, Fissures of, [57], [58].
• Logan, Sir W., on Laurentian Gneiss of Canada, [10], [74].
• Logan, Sir W., on Underclay of Coal Measures, [161].
• Lomatophloyos crassicaule, [134], [138].
• Lonchopteris Bricii, [134], [144].
• London Clay, Flora of, [331].
• Longmynd Hills, [101].
• Lonsdalea floriformis, [145].
• Lophiodon, [325], [333].
• Lower Cretaceous Period, [286], [297].
• „Keuper Sandstone, [186], [204].
• „Neocomian, [297].
• „Lias, [212].
• „Silurian Rocks, [104].
• „Oolite Fauna, [244].
• „Oolite Rocks, [249].
• „Greensand, [281], [287].
• Lucerne, The Giant of, [385].
• Ludlow Bone-beds, [112].
• „Rocks, [111].
• Lupea pelagica, [354].
• Lycopodiaceæ, [134], [151].
• Lycopods, [123], [134].
• Lyell, Sir Charles, on Formation of Granite, [33], [36].
• Lyell, Sir Charles, on the Upper Cretaceous Flora, [300].
• Lyme Regis, [219], [225].
• Machairodus, [379].
• „Tooth of, [380].
• Macrorhynchus, [265], [272].
• Madrepores, [266].
• Maestricht Quarries, [285].
• „ Animal of, [302].
• „ Beds, [303], [304], [309].
• Magnesian Limestone, [170], [178].
• Magnetism, Terrestrial, Evan Hopkins on, [22].
• Malvern Hills, Dr. Holl on, [78].
• Mammals, First Appearance of, [207], [244].
• „of Pliocene Period, [358].
• Mammaliferous Crag, [372].
• Mammiferous Didelphæ, [245].
• Mammoth, [347].
• „ of Ohio, [347].
• „ of the Unstrut, [386].
• „ Origin of Name, [388].
• „ Siberian Accounts of, [387]-[395].
• „ restored, [395].
• „ Skeleton of the, [383], [394].
• „ Teeth and Tusks of, [342].
• „ Tooth of the, [384].
• Man and Animals Compared, [465].
• „ First Appearance of, [382].
• „ Antiquity of, considered, [478].
• „ Age of St. Acheul Beds, [479].
• „ Morlot’s Calculation, [479].
• Mantell’s, Dr., Discoveries, [290].
• Marble, [74].
• „Carrara, [73], [76].
• „Cipoline, [76].
• „of France, [76].
• Marbre de Flandres and M. de petit Granit, [150].
• Mare’s-tail, [134].
• Marl, [199].
• Marl-slate, [160].
• Marlstone of the Lias, [212].
• Marsupial Mammals, [207], [245], [250], [263].
• Martins, C., on Glaciers, [462].
• Mastodon, [341], [356], [360].
• „ its Discovery, [342].
• „ Opinions of Naturalists, [343].
• „ Difference from Mammoth, [341].
• „ Molar Tooth of, [346].
• „ Arvernensis, [372].
• „ angustidens, [347].
• „ restored, [345].
• „ Skeleton of, [344].
• „ Skeleton of the Turin, [359].
• „ Teeth of, [341], [342].
• Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, [56], [69].
• Mazuyer’s Pretended Discovery, [348].
• Meandrina Dædalæa, [251].
• Mechanical Theory of the Earth, [15].
• Megaceros Hibernicus, [184], [400].
• Megalonyx, [371], [382], [400], [411].
• Megalosaurus, [291].
• „ Jaw of, [291].
• „ Tooth of, [291], [380].
• Megalichthys, [154].
• Megatherium, [382], [401], [418].
• „Pelvis of, [407].
• „Restored, [409].
• „Skeleton of, [403].
• „„ foreshortened, [406].
• Megatheroid Animals, Habits of, [413].
• Mendip Hills, Denudation of, [28].
• Mesopithecus, [339], [350].
• „restored, [349].
• „Skeleton of, [349].
• Metallic veins, [91].
• Metamorphic Rocks, [4], [71].
• Metamorphism, Special and General, [65], [71], [74].
• „ Action of, on Limestone, [71], [72], [75].
• „ of Combustible Materials, [14], [72].
• „ of Argillaceous Beds, [73].
• „ Cause of, [78].
• Meudon Chalk under Microscope, [277].
• Mexican Deluge, [485].
• Mezen, Le, Peak of, [44].
• Mica, Composition of, [96].
• Mica-schist, [77], [377].
• Microdon, [266].
• Microlestes, [207].
• „Discovery of teeth of by Mr. C. Moore, [208].
• Middle Lias, [212].
• „ Oolite, [255].
• Miliola, [329].
• Millepora alcicornis, [240].
• Miller, Hugh, How he became a Geologist, [10].
• „ First Lesson in Geology, [124].
• Milliolites, [333].
• Mimosa, [318].
• Mineral Masses composing the Earth’s Crust, [27].
• Mines, Greatest Depths of, [88].
• Miocene, Meaning of, [314].
• Miocene Period, [336].
• „Vegetation, [336], [339], [353], [381].
• „Fauna, [339], [350].
• „Volcanoes of, [51].
• „Foraminifera, [356].
• „Rocks of Greece, [339].
• Moel Tryfaen, [459].
• Molar Teeth of Mastodon, [346].
• Molasse, or Soft Clay, [338], [355].
• Mollusca, [245].
• „ of Pliocene, [371].
• „ of Eocene, [319].
• „ of Miocene, [350].
• „ of Crag, [373].
• „ Gasteropodous, [266].
• Monitor Niloticus, [305].
• Monocotyledons, [151], [266].
• Montmartre, Gypseous Series of, [333].
• „Cuvier on Fossils of, [7].
• Mont Dore, [40], [43].
• Moraines, [444].
• Moro, Lazzaro, [6].
• Mortillet on Glaciers, [449].
• Mosaic Account of Creation, [24].
• Mosasaurus, [285], [302], [305].
• „ Camperi, [306].
• Mosses, [336].
• Moulin-Quignon, Chalk Beds of, [476].
• Mount Ararat, [480].
• „ Hecla, [67].
• „ Idienne, [64].
• „ Sion, [449].
• Mountain Limestone, [149].
• Mountains, First Appearance of, [90].
• „ Chains, Formation of, [28].
• Mud Volcanoes, [59].
• „ of Italy, [60], [63].
• Murchison, Sir R. I., Founder of Silurian System, [10], [102].
• Murex Turonensis, [350].
• Muschelkalk, [185], [188].
• Mussels, [189].
• Mylodon, [382], [400], [410], [413], [418].
• „ Lower Jaw of, [412].
• „ restored, [411].
• Mytilus, [189].
• Nabenstein, Cavern of, [432].
• Naïdaceæ, [266].
• Nantwich Salt-works, [204].
• Nasal Horn of Iguanodon, [292].
• Natica, [189].
• Nautilus, [215].
• Nebular Theory of the Earth, [15].
• Nenuphar, [316].
• Neocomian Beds, [287], [297].
• „„of France, [286], [287].
• „Formation, [286].
• „Fauna of, [287].
• Neptunian Rocks, [30].
• „ Theory, [6].
• Nereites Cambriensis, [108].
• Neuroptera, [250].
• Neuropteris elegans, [194].
• „ gigantea, [143], [176].
• New Red Marl, [186].
• „Period, [185].
• „Sandstone, [185], [187].
• „Plants of, [193].
• „Colour of, [201].
• „Fauna of, [201].
• New Zealand, Birds of, [184].
• Newer Pliocene, [372].
• „„ of Alps, [377].
• „„ of Sicily, [374].
• Nicol, Prof., on Ben Nevis, [90].
• Nilssonia, [194], [239].
• Nöggerathia, [177].
• Norfolk Forest Bed, [372].
• Northern Deluge, [424].
• Norwich Crag, [372], [478].
• Nothosaurus, [190], [196].
• Nummulites, [313], [326], [333].
• Nummulitic Formation, [334].
• „Limestone, [326].
• Nympheaceæ, [315].
• Odontaspis, [294].
• Odontopteris Brardii, [144].
• „ Cycades, [212].
• Œchmodus Buchii, [217].
• Œningen Formation, [338].
• „ Limestone, [367].
• Ogygia Guettardi, [107].
• Old Red Sandstone, [119].
• „„ Colour of, [120].
• „„ Period, Vegetation of, [120].
• „„ Fishes of, [124].
• „„ Rocks of, [128].
• „„ Conglomerate of, [129].
• Older Pliocene, [372].
• Oldhamia, [101].
• Oldhaven Beds, [331].
• Olivine, [44].
• Oolite, [243], [272].
• „ of Solenhofen, [273].
• „ Upper, [243].
• „ Lower, [243], [244].
• „ Middle, [243].
• „ Great, [243].
• „ Conifers of, [249].
• „ Rocks, [249].
• Oolitic Fauna, [244].
• „Mollusca, [246].
• „Echinoderms, [247].
• „Insects, [255], [266].
• „Period, [243].
• „Flora of, [248], [249], [255], [266].
• „Mammals of, [255].
• „Reptiles of, [256].
• „Corals of, [247].
• „Zoophytes of, [247].
• Ophiopsis, [246].
• Opossum, [245].
• Orgon Limestone, [297], [298], [299].
• Ornithorhynchus, [223], [245].
• Orthoceras, [141].
• „ Disappearance of, [205].
• „ laterale, [145].
• Orthoceratites, [104].
• Orthoclase, [33], [96], [418].
• Orthopithecus, [418].
• Osmeroides Mantelli, [294].
• Ossiferous Beds of Sansan, [350].
• „ Breccia, [2], [432].
• Ostrea deltoidea, [269].
• „ distorta, [272].
• „ liassica, [207], [212].
• „ longirostris, [350].
• „ Marshii, [246].
• „ virgula, [269].
• Otopteris acuminata, [248].
• „ dubia, [248].
• „ obtusa, [248].
• „ cuneata, [248].
• Ovid a geologist, [6].
• Owen, Prof., on Megatheroid Animals, [413].
• „on Plesiosaurus, [228].
• Ox, [382], [399].
• Oxford Clay, [243], [264].
• Oysters, [175], [213].
• Pachyderms, [312], [319], [418].
• Pachypteris microphylla, [255].
• Palæocoma Furstembergii, [213].
• Palæoniscus, [175].
• Palæontology, the Study of Ancient Life, [5].
• Palæontology Defined, [14].
• Palæophognos Gesneri, [421].
• Palæotherium, [319].
• „ magnum and P. minimum, Skeletons of, [322].
• „ Skull of, [321].
• Palæoxyris Münsteri, [202].
• Palæozoic Fishes, [173].
• Palissy, Bernard, on Fossils, [5].
• Pallas on the Siberian Rhinoceros, [361].
• „ on the Siberian Mammoth, [386].
• Palmacites, [315].
• Palms, [282].
• „ absence of, in Pliocene Period, [358].
• „ of Tertiary Epoch, [336].
• „ of Cretaceous Period, [283], [297].
• „ Fossil, restored, [284].
• Paludina, [272].
• Pampean Formation, [411].
• Pandanaceæ, The, [249].
• Pandanus, [255].
• Pappenheim, Lithographic Stone of, [273].
• Paradoxides Bohemicus, [100].
• Parallel Roads of Glenroy, [456].
• Parian Marble, [76].
• Paris Basin, Sir C. Lyell on, [329].
• Parkfield Colliery, [159].
• Patella vulgata, [205].
• Peaks of the Cantal Chain, [40].
• Pear Encrinite, [250].
• Peat-deposits and Shell-mounds, [472].
• Pecopteris, [120], [202], [252], [315].
• „ lonchitica, [143].
• Pecten, [201], [272].
• „ Jacobæus, [371].
• „ orbicularis, [202].
• „ Valoniensis, [207].
• Penarth Beds, [186], [205], [207].
• Pennine Chain, [115].
• Pentacrinites Briareus, [183], [214].
• Perched Blocks, [449].
• Permian Flora, [174].
• „ Rocks, [177], [186].
• „ Ocean, [180].
• „ Period, [15], [170].
• „ Fauna and Flora of, [183].
• Perna Mulleti, [288].
• Phascolotherium, [245], [255].
• Philadelphia Museum, [346].
• Phillips, Prof. J., on Rate of Formation of Coal, [132].
• Phillips, Prof. J., on Thickness of Carboniferous Limestone, [130].
• Phonolite, [43].
• Physa fontinalis, [266].
• Phytosaurus, [190].
• Pic de Sancy, [41], [43].
• Pimpinellites zizioides, [337].
• Pinites, [239].
• Pisolitic Limestone, [311].
• Pithecus antiquus, [339], [350], [356].
• Placodus gigas, [189].
• Planorbis, [266], [272], [334].
• „ corneus, [488].
• Plants, First Appearance of, [99].
• „ of Devonian Period, [123].
• „ of the Palæozoic Epoch, [114].
• Plastic Clay, [330].
• Platemys, [255].
• Platycrinus, [146].
• Platysomus, [174].
• Pleistocene Period, [378].
• Plesiosaurus, [221], [226], [255].
• „ Cramptoni, [230].
• „ Sternum of, [228].
• „ Skull of, [226].
• „ Skeleton of, [229].
• Pleuronectes, [326].
• Pleurotoma Babylonia, [246].
• Pleurotomaria conoidea, [246].
• Pliocene, Meaning of, [314].
• „Period, [357].
• „Birds of, [369].
• „Series, [372].
• „Vegetation of, [357].
• „Fauna of, [359], [369].
• „Reptiles of, [367].
• „Mollusca of, [371].
• Plombières, Alkaline Waters of, [64].
• Plutonic Rocks, [31].
• „ Theory, [6].
• „ Eruptions, [31].
• „ Ancient Granite, [31].
• Podophthalmus vigil, [353].
• Pœcilopleuron, [265].
• Poikilitic Series, [199].
• Polyphemus, Supposed Bones of, [384].
• Polypodium, [315].
• Polyps of Carboniferous Period, [141], [246], [255], [286], [301].
• Polyzoa, [141], [143], [175], [307].
• Pontgibaud Mines, [64].
• Porphyritic Granite, [33].
• Porphyry, [33], [37].
• „ Definition of, [37].
• „ Components of, [37].
• Portland Isle, [270].
• „ Dirt Bed, [271].
• „ Sand, [243], [266].
• „ Stone, [243], [269].
• Posidonia, [189].
• Post-pliocene Period, [378].
• „Animals of the, [382].
• „Birds of the, [417].
• „Carnivora of, [417].
• „Deposits in Britain, [417].
• Post-Tertiary Epoch, [378].
• Potamogeton, [315].
• Pravolta, [447].
• Pre-glacial deposits, [418].
• Preissleria antiqua, [202].
• Prestwich, J., on Glacial Deposits, [459].
• Primary Epoch, [99].
• „„ Retrospective Glance at, [180].
• „„ Vegetation of, [182].
• Proboscideans of Crag, [372].
• Producta, [173], [175].
• „ horrida, [149].
• Producta Martini, [145], [205].
• „ subaculeata, [127].
• Protogine, [35].
• Protopteris, [283].
• Psammodus, [141].
• Psaronius, [174].
• Psilophyton, [123].
• Pteraspis, [129].
• Pterichthys, [125].
• Pteroceras, [269].
• Pterodactyles, [221], [233], [240], [243], [245].
• „ brevirostris, [235].
• „ crassirostris, [234], [256].
• Pterophyllum, [239], [249], [255].
• „ Jägeri, [202].
• „ Münsteri, [202].
• Pterygotus, [110].
• „ bilobatus, [113].
• Ptylopora, [146].
• Purbeck Beds, [269], [271], [279].
• „ Marble, [272].
• „ Isle of, [271].
• Puy-de-Dôme, [40], [43].
• Puy-de-Dôme, Extinct Volcanoes of, [53].
• Puys, Chain of, in Central France, [51].
• Pycnodus, [190].
• Pygopterus, [174].
• Quadersandstein, [211].
• Quaternary Epoch, [378].
• „„ Animals of, [382].
• Quartz, [96].
• Quartziferous Porphyry, [33].
• Quartzite, [77].
• Rain, First Fall of, [95].
• Raindrops, Impressions of, in Rocks, [14], [102], [173].
• Raised Beaches, [488].
• Ramphorynchus, [255], [259], [269].
• Ramsay, A. C., on the Lower Oolite, [252].
• „„on Formation of Keuper Marls, [201].
• „„on Colour of Red Rocks, [101].
• „„on Denudation, [28].
• „„on Formation of Granite, [33].
• „„on Glacial Deposits, [458].
• Reading Beds, [330].
• Recent or Historical Period, [378].
• Re-construction of Fossil Animals from a Part, [7].
• „ Difficulties Attendant on, [8].
• Red Crag, [372].
• Reindeer, [379].
• Relative Volume of the Earth, [83].
• Remains of Plesiosaurus macrocephalus, [229].
• Reptiles, Prevalence of during Secondary Epoch, [201], [220].
• „„during Cretaceous Period, [285].
• „„during the Pliocene Period, [358], [366].
• Rhætic Strata, [180], [205], [267].
• Rhinoceros, [360].
• „ Discovery of, Entire, in Siberia, [361], [379].
• „ Head of, [360].
• „ tichorhinus, [360], [428].
• Rhombus minimus, [326].
• Rhyncholites, [181].
• Rio Chapura, Humidity of, [337].
• Ripple-marks, [15].
• „ on Sandstone, [173], [204], [252].
• River, Great, of Cretaceous Period, [279].
• Roc, [361].
• Roches moutonnées, [443], [447].
• Rock, in Geology, [28].
• Rocks composing the Earth’s Crust, [27].
• „formed during the Carboniferous Limestone Period, [149].
• „Crystalline, [28].
• Rock Salt, its Origin, [199].
• „Quantity produced in England, [304].
• Rocking Stones, [35].
• Rosso Antico, [37].
• Rostellaria, [189].
• Rothliegende, [170], [174].
• Rudistes, [301].
• Runn of Cutch, [200].
• Sables Inférieurs, [331].
• „Moyens, [333].
• Saccharoid Limestone, Minerals of, [76].
• St. Acheul Gravel Beds, [476].
• St. Acheul Gravel Beds, probable Age of, [479].
• St. Austell, Granite of, [39].
• St. Cassian Beds, [205].
• St. Christopher’s Tooth, [385].
• Salamander of Œningen, [367].
• Salicites, [283].
• Saliferous or Keuper Period, [186], [199].
• „„ Fauna of, [201].
• Saline Springs, [23].
• Salses, [60].
• Salt Mines, [199], [204].
• Sandwich Islands, Volcanoes of, [56], [69].
• Sargassites, [309].
• Sargassum, [309].
• Saurians, [187].
• „of Cretaceous Period, [285].
• „of Lias, [229].
• Savoy Alps, [440].
• Scandinavian Continent, Upheaval and Depression of, [282].
• Scaphites, [288].
• Scelidotherium, [406], [412].
• „Skull of, [413].
• Scheuchzer’s Salamander, [367].
• Schist, [77], [97].
• Schistopleuron typus, [401].
• „„ restored, [402].
• Schizaster, [326].
• Scoriæ, Volcanic, [57].
• Sea-Pen, Virgularia Patagonia, [263].
• Sea Urchins, [205], [286].
• Secondary Epoch, [185].
• Section of a Volcano in Action, [52].
• Sectional Appearance of the Earth, [2].
• Sedgwick, Prof. A., on Cambrian Rocks, [10].
• „ on Granite of Devon and Cornwall, [39].
• „ on Classification of Rocks, [102].
• Sedimentary Rocks, [28].
• Senonian Beds, [309], [310].
• Septaria, [331].
• Serpentine, [38].
• Serpents of Tertiary Epoch, [379].
• Serpulæ, [126], [272].
• Shell Mounds, [478].
• Shells, Marine, on Tops of Mountains, [5].
• Sheppey, Isle of, [331].
• „„ Turtles of, [331].
• Siberia, Fossil Elephants in, [387].
• Sigillaria, [130], [136], [152], [157].
• „lavigata, [138].
• „reniformis, [157].
• Silex meulier, [356].
• Siliceous Limestone, [333].
• Silurian Period, [102].
• „Divisions of, [109], [110].
• „Characteristics of, [103].
• „Fauna and Flora of, [104].
• „Fishes of, [107].
• „Mollusca of, [108].
• „Plants of, [103].
• „System, [102].
• Sivatherium, [365].
• „ restored, [366].
• Skaptár Jokul, [60].
• Skeleton of Ichthyosaurus, [218].
• „of Plesiosaurus, [227].
• Skull of Plesiosaurus, [226].
• „Palæotherium magnum, [321].
• „Scelidotherium, [413].
• Skye, Basalt of Isle of, [49].
• Smith, Dr. W., Labours of, [9].
• Smilax, [202].
• Solenhofen, Limestone of, [273].
• Solfataras, [63].
• Somma, Mount, [68].
• Somme, River, Valley of, [475].
• „Peat-Beds of the, [475].
• South America, Depression and Upheaval of, [21].
• Spalacotherium, [265].
• Sphenophyllum, [154], [269].
• „ restored, [153].
• Sphenophyllites, [136].
• Sphenopteris, [136].
• „artemisiæfolia, [144].
• Spirifera, [173], [175].
• „ concentrica, [127].
• „ undulata, [175].
• Sphœrodus, [190].
• Staffa, Grotto of, [50].
• Stag, gigantic Forest, [379].
• Stalactite, [430].
• Stalagmite, [430].
• Stellispongia variabilis, [205].
• Stenosaurus, [265].
• Sternum and Pelvis of Plesiosaurus, [228].
• Stigmaria, [130], [137], [157], [162].
• Stigmaria, [138].
• Stone Age, The, [478].
• Stone Lilies, [127].
• Stonesfield Slate, [243], [245], [250], [252].
• Strata, Disposition of, [2].
• Stratification, Order of, [29].
• „ of Coal Beds, [165].
• Strephodus, [266].
• Streptospondylus, [265].
• Stringocephalus Burtini, [127].
• Stromboli, Volcanic Island of, [55], [68].
• Strophalosia Morrisiana, [176].
• Struthionidæ, [193].
• Submarine Volcanoes, [70].
• Sub-Apennine Strata, [373].
• Suffolk Crag, [372].
• Sulphurous Streams from Mount Idienne, [64].
• Sun-cracks, [102], [173].
• Syenite, [34].
• Tæniopteris, [315].
• Taxoceras, [289].
• Taxodites, [239].
• „Münsterianus, [202].
• Teeth of Mammoth, [384].
• Teeth of Iguanodon, [293].
• „Mastodon, [346].
• „Megalosaurus, [291], [380].
• „Machairodus, [380].
• Teleosaurus, [245], [256], [259].
• „cadomensis, [259].
• Temperature of the Earth, Increase of as we descend, [2], [16], [87].
• „„at Various Depths, [16].
• „„of Deep Mines, [16], [88].
• „„at the Centre, [16].
• „ of Planetary Regions, [86].
• „ uniform, in Carboniferous Period, [133].
• „ Gradual Alteration of, during Tertiary Period, [313].
• „ of Cretaceous Period, [283].
• Terebellaria ramosissima, [184].
• Terebratula digona, [246].
• „ decussata, [252].
• „ hastata, [141].
• „ deformis, [290].
• „ subsella, [266].
• Terebrirostra lyra, [290].
• Terrestrial Plants of Devonian Period, [120].
• Tertiary Period, [312].
• „Vegetation of, [313].
• „Animals of, [312].
• Tetragonolepis, [217].
• Teutobocchus Rex, [348].
• Thallogens, [123].
• Thanet Beds, [330].
• Theoretical View of a Plateau, [47].
• Theories of the Earth, [15].
• Theory, Hutton’s, [3].
• „ Laplace’s, [17].
• Thermal Springs, [23].
• Thickness of the Earth’s Crust, [89].
• Thomson, Sir William, on the Earth’s Crust, [89].
• Thylacotherium, [245].
• Tidal Wave, [22].
• Tile Stones, [110].
• Till Formation, [457].
• Tortoises, [401].
• Toxoceras, [289].
• Toxodon, [412].
• Trachyte, [39].
• Trachytic Formations, [39].
• Trail, [461].
• Transition, or Primary Epoch, [99].
• Transported Blocks, [449].
• „Rocks, [27].
• Trapa natans, [315].
• Trappean Grotto, Staffa, [47].
• Travertin, [333].
• Tree Ferns, [174], [240].
• Tremadoc Slates, [109].
• Treuil, Coal Mine at, [160].
• Triassic Period, [185].
• „Flora, [187], [193], [202].
• Trigonia, [12], [205].
• „margaritacea, [314].
• Trigonocarpum Nöggerathii, [177].
• Trilobites, [104], [107], [110], [126], [141], [181].
• Trimmer, Joshua, on Moel Tryfaen, [459].
• Trinucleus Lloydii, [129].
• Trionyx of Tertiary Period, [326].
• Trionyx, a Turtle, [319], [326], [329].
• Tropical Vegetation, D’Orbigny on, [337].
• Trunk of Calamites, [136].
• „Sigillaria, [136].
• Tunbridge Wells Sand, [286].
• Turbaco, Mud Volcanoes of, [61].
• Turonian Series, [309], [310].
• Turrilites, [289].
• „ communis, [290].
• „ costatus, [289].
• Turritella terebra, [289].
• Turtle, [187], [237], [272], [319], [326], [329], [331], [356].
• Tyndall’s, Professor, Theory of Heat, [24].
• Uncites Gryphus, [127].
• Under Clay, [161].
• Unicornu Fossile, [386].
• Unio, [266].
• Upper Cretaceous, [300]-[306].
• „ Greensand, [300], [309].
• „ Oolite, [265].
• „ Lias, [212], [273].
• „ Lias Clay, [212].
• „ Silurian Period, [110].
• Ursus spelæus, [184], [395], [417].
• „ Head of, [184].
• Vale of Wardour, [269].
• Valley of Poison, [64].
• Vallisneri on Marine Deposits of Italy, [6].
• Variegated Sandstone, [187].
• Veins of Granite traversing Gneiss of Cape Wrath, [32].
• Velay, Chain of the, [43].
• Vertebrata, First Appearance of, [107].
• Vespertilio Parisiensis, [326].
• Vesuvius, [56], [68].
• „ Existing Crater of, [56].
• Virgularia, [263].
• Vivarais, Valley of, [47].
• Volcanic Bombs, [59].
• „ Ashes, [58].
• „ Scoriæ, [57].
• „ Eruptions, [57].
• „ Formations, [51].
• „ Islands, [55].
• „ Rocks, [31], [39].
• Volcano in Action, [52].
• Volcanoes, [51].
• „Action of, [57], [63].
• „Active, [55], [67].
• „Mud, [60], [63].
• „Extinct, [63].
• „Sandwich Islands, [56].
• „Watery, [23], [59].
• Voltaire and Buffon, [6].
• Voltzia heterophylla, [194].
• Voltzia restored, [195].
• Vosges Mountains, [75].
• „„ Submergence of in Permian Period, [180].
• Wadhurst Clay, [286].
• Walchia, [177].
• „ Schlotheimii, [176].
• Warp, [461].
• Water, First Cradle of Life, [100].
• Waterstones, [245].
• Watery Volcanoes, [23], [59].
• Weald Clay, [279], [281], [286], [298].
• Wealden Beds, [279].
• „ Shells, [281].
• Wenlock Rocks, [110].
• Whale of the Rue Dauphine, [370].
• White Chalk, Berthier’s Analysis, [298].
• White Lias, [208].
• Wild Man of Aveyron, [469].
• Williamsonia, [239].
• Wood, Searles V., Junr., on Glacial Deposits, [460].
• Wookey Hole, [474].
• Woolwich and Reading Beds, [330].
• Wright, Dr. Thos., on Penarth Beds, [209].
• Xiphodon, [320], [324], [329].
• „ gracile, [324].
• Ysbrants Ides’ Account of Discovery of Frozen Mammoth, [389].
• Yuccites, [194].
• Zamia, [249], [270].
• „ Moreana, [255].
• Zamites, [194], [239], [255], [297].
• Zechstein, [170].
• Zeolites, [44].
• Ziphius, [370].
• Zones of different density round the incandescent Earth, [85].
• Zoophytes of Lias, [238].
• „ Middle Oolite, [263].
• „ of Carboniferous Period, [141].
• Zostera, [123], [266].

THE END.

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CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN, BELLE SAUVAGE WORKS, LONDON, E.C.
773

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MESSRS. CASSELL, PETTER, & GALPIN

Publish, uniform with “The World before the Deluge,”New and Cheaper Editions of the following Works, containing all the Original Illustrations, with the Text revised and corrected:—

The Insect World.—A Popular Account of the Orders of Insects. By Louis Figuier. Revised and Corrected by P. Martin Duncan, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Geology in King’s College, London. With 576 Illustrations

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