“L’île de Sendi Foulat est très grande; il y a de l’eau douce, des champs cultivés, du riz et des cocotiers. Le roi s’appelle Resed. Les habitants portent la fouta soit en manteau, soit en ceinture.... L’île de Sendi Foulat est entourée, du côté de la Chine, de montagnes d’un difficile accès, et où soufflent des vents impétueux. Cette île est une des portes de la Chine. De là à la ville de Khancou, X journées.” Edrisi, I., p. 90. In Malay Pulo Condor is called Pulau Kundur (Pumpkin Island) and in Cambodian, Koḥ Tralàch. See Pelliot, Deux Itinéraires, pp. 218–220. Fūlāt = fūl (Malay pulo) + Persian plural suffix -āt. Čundur fūlāt means Pumpkin Island. Ferrand, Textes, pp. ix., 2.
VII., [p. 277.]
LOCAC.
According to W. Tomaschek (Die topographischen Capitel des Indischen Seespiegels Moḥīṭ, Vienna, 1897, Map XXIII.) it should be read Lōšak = The Lochac of the G. T. “It is Laṅkāçoka of the Tanjore inscription of 1030, the Ling ya ssī kia of the Chu-fan-chï of Chau Ju-kua, the Lěṅkasuka of the Nāgarakrětāgama, the Lang-šakā of Sulayman al Mahri, situated on the eastern side of the Malay Peninsula.” (G. Ferrand, Malaka, le Malāyu et Malāyur, J. As., July–Aug, 1918, p. 91.) On the situation of this place which has been erroneously identified with Tenasserim, see ibid., pp. 134–145. M. Ferrand places it in the region of Ligor.
VII., [pp. 278–279.]
LAWÁKI.
Lawáki comes from Lovek, a former capital of Cambodia; referring to the aloes-wood called Lawáki in the Ain-i-Akbari written in the 16th century, Ferrand, Textes, I., p. 285 n., remarks: “On vient de voir que Ibn-al-Bayṭār a emprunté ce nom à Avicenne (980–1037) qui écrivit son Canon de la Médecine dans les premières années du XIe siècle. Lawāḳ ou Lowāḳ nous est donc attesté sous la forme Lawāḳi ou Lowāḳī dès le Xe siècle, puis qu’il est mentionné, au début du XIe, par Avicenne qui résidait alors à Djurdjān, sur la Caspienne.”
VIII., [pp. 280–3.]
OF THE ISLAND CALLED PENTAM, AND THE CITY MALAIUR.
The late Col. G. E. Gerini published in the J. R. A. S., July, 1905, pp. 485–511, a paper on the Nāgarakretāgama, a Javanese poem composed by a native bard named Prapañca, in honour of his sovereign Hayam Wuruk (1350–1389), the greatest ruler of Mājapāhit. He upsets all the theories accepted hitherto regarding Panten. The southernmost portion of the Malay Peninsula is known as the Malaya or Malayu country (Tānah-Malāyu) = Chinese Ma-li-yü-êrh = Malāyur = Maluir of Marco Polo, witness the river Malāyu (Sungei Malāyu) still so called, and the village Bentan, both lying there (ignored by all Col. Gerini’s predecessors) on the northern shore of the Old Singapore Strait. Col. Gerini writes (p. 509): “There exists to this day a village Bentam on the mainland side of Singapore Strait, right opposite the mouth of the Sungei Selitar, on the northern shore of Singapore Island, it is not likely that both travellers [Polo and Odoric] mistook the coast of the Malay Peninsula for an island. The island of Pentam, Paten, or Pantem must therefore be the Be-Tūmah (Island) of the Arab Navigators, the Tamasak Island of the Malays; and, in short, the Singapore Island of our day.” He adds: “The island of Pentam cannot be either Batang or Bitang, the latter of which is likewise mentioned by Marco Polo under the same name of Pentam, but 60 + 30 = 90 miles before reaching the former. Batang, girt all round by dangerous reefs, is inaccessible except to small boats. So is Bintang, with the exception of its south-western side, where is now Riāu, and where, a little further towards the north, was the settlement at which the chief of the island resided in the fourteenth century. There was no reason for Marco Polo’s junk to take that roundabout way in order to call at such, doubtlessly insignificant place. And the channel (i.e. Rhio Strait) has far more than four paces’ depth of water, whereas there are no more than two fathoms at the western entrance to the Old Singapore Strait.”