Pumps and Hydraulics, Part 2 (of 2) - N. Hawkins

TABLE SHOWING FRICTIONAL HEADS AT GIVEN RATES OF DISCHARGE IN CLEAN CAST IRON PIPES FOR EACH 1000 FEET OF LENGTH, condensed from elaborate tables prepared by Messrs. Geo. A. Ellis and A. H. Howland, Civil Engineers, Boston, Mass.

U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	4-Inch Pipe.			6-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
		Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds	Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds
25	36000	.64	.59	.26	.28	.11	.05
50	72000	1.28	2.01	.87	.57	.32	.14
100	144000	2.55	7.36	3.19	1.13	1.08	.47
150	216000	3.83	16.05	6.95	1.70	2.28	.99
200	288000	5.11	28.09	12.17	2.27	3.92	1.70
250	360000	6.37	43.47	18.83	2.84	6.00	2.60
300	432000	7.66	62.20	26.94	3.40	8.52	3.69
350	504000	8.94	84.26	36.50	3.97	11.48	4.97
400	576000	10.21	109.68	47.50	4.54	14.89	6.45
450	648000	11.49	138.43	59.96	5.11	18.73	8.11
500	720000	12.77	170.53	73.87	5.67	23.01	9.97
600	864000	15.32	244.76	106.02	6.81	32.89	14.25
700	1008000	17.87	332.36	143.98	7.94	44.54	19.08
800	1152000	. . .	. . .	. . .	9.08	57.95	25.10
900	1290000	. . .	. . .	. . .	10.21	73.12	31.67
1000	1440000	. . .	. . .	. . .	11.35	90.05	38.99
1200	1728000	. . .	. . .	. . .	13.61	129.20	55.96
1400	2016000	. . .	. . .	. . .	15.88	175.38	75.97
1600	2304000	. . .	. . .	. . .	18.15	228.62	99.0
1800	2592000	. . .	. . .	. . .	20.42	288.90	125.14
2000	2880000	. . .	. . .	. . .	22.69	356.22	154.30
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	8-Inch Pipe.			10-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
		Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds	Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds
25	36000	.16	.04	.02	.10	.02	.01
50	72000	.32	.10	.04	.20	.04	.02
100	144000	.64	.29	.13	.41	.11	.05
150	216000	.96	.60	.26	.61	.22	.10
200	288000	1.28	1.01	.44	.82	.36	.16
250	360000	1.60	1.52	.66	1.02	.54	.23
300	432000	1.91	2.13	.92	1.23	.75	.32
350	504000	2.23	2.85	1.24	1.43	.99	.43
400	576000	2.55	3.68	1.59	1.63	1.27	.55
450	648000	2.87	4.61	2.00	1.83	1.58	.69
500	720000	3.19	5.64	2.44	2.04	1.93	.84
600	864000	3.83	8.03	3.48	2.45	2.72	1.18
700	1008000	4.47	10.83	4.69	2.86	3.66	1.58
800	1152000	5.09	14.05	6.08	3.27	4.73	2.05
900	1290000	5.74	17.68	7.69	3.68	5.93	2.57
1000	1440000	6.38	21.74	9.41	4.08	7.28	3.15
1200	1728000	7.66	31.10	13.47	4.90	10.38	4.50
1400	2016000	8.94	42.13	18.25	5.72	14.02	6.07
1600	2304000	10.21	54.84	23.75	6.53	18.22	7.89
1800	2592000	11.47	69.22	29.98	7.35	22.96	9.95
2000	2880000	12.77	85.27	36.93	8.17	28.25	12.34
2500	3600000	15.96	132.70	57.49	10.21	43.87	19.00
3000	4320000	. . .	. . .	. . .	12.25	62.92	27.25
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	12-Inch Pipe.			14-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
		Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds	Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds
25	36000	.07	.01	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
50	72000	.14	.02	.01	.10	.01	. . .
100	144000	.28	.05	.02	.21	.03	.01
150	216000	.43	.10	.04	.31	.05	.02
200	288000	.57	.16	.07	.42	.08	.04
250	360000	.71	.24	.10	.52	.12	.05
300	432000	.85	.32	.14	.63	.16	.07
350	504000	.99	.43	.18	.73	.21	.09
400	576000	1.13	.54	.23	.83	.27	.12
450	648000	1.28	.67	.29	.94	.33	.14
500	720000	1.42	.81	.35	1.04	.40	.17
600	864000	1.70	1.14	.49	1.25	.55	.24
700	1008000	1.98	1.52	.66	1.46	.73	.32
800	1152000	2.27	1.96	.85	1.67	.94	.41
900	1290000	2.55	2.45	1.06	1.88	1.17	.51
1000	1440000	2.84	3.00	1.30	2.08	1.43	.62
1200	1728000	3.40	4.26	1.85	2.50	2.02	.88
1400	2016000	3.97	5.74	2.49	2.91	2.72	1.18
1600	2304000	4.54	7.44	3.22	3.33	3.51	1.52
1800	2592000	5.11	9.36	4.06	3.75	4.41	1.91
2000	2880000	5.67	11.50	5.00	4.17	5.41	2.34
2500	3600000	7.09	17.82	7.72	5.21	8.35	3.62
3000	4320000	8.51	25.51	11.05	6.25	11.93	5.17
3500	5040000	9.93	34.58	14.98	7.29	16.14	6.99
4000	5760000	. . .	. . .	. . .	8.34	21.00	9.10
4500	6480000	. . .	. . .	. . .	9.38	26.49	11.47

Note.—There seems to be no form of water pipe so perfect as to make it fit for use in any and all cases and open to no improvement, but, in the present state of knowledge, tarred cast iron seems to come the nearest to this desideratum.

U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	16-Inch Pipe.			18-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
		Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds.	Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds.
500	720000	.80	.22	.09	.63	.13	.06
1000	1440000	1.60	.76	.34	1.26	.44	.19
1500	2160000	2.39	1.63	.71	1.89	.93	.40
2000	2880000	3.19	2.82	1.22	2.52	1.60	.69
2500	3600000	3.99	4.34	1.88	3.15	2.45	1.06
3000	4320000	4.79	6.19	2.68	3.78	3.48	1.51
3500	5040000	5.59	8.37	3.63	4.41	4.70	2.03
4000	5760000	6.38	10.87	4.71	5.04	6.09	2.64
4500	6480000	7.18	13.70	5.93	5.67	7.67	3.32
5000	7200000	7.98	16.85	7.30	6.30	9.43	4.08
5500	7920000	8.78	20.33	8.71	6.93	11.38	4.92
6000	8640000	. . .	. . .	. . .	7.57	13.49	5.84
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	20-Inch Pipe.			24-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
		Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds.	Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds.
500	720000	.51	.08	.04	.35	.04	.02
1000	1440000	1.02	.27	.12	.71	.12	.05
1500	2160000	1.53	.56	.24	1.06	.24	.10
2000	2880000	2.04	.96	.42	1.42	.41	.18
2500	3600000	2.55	1.47	.64	1.77	.62	.27
3000	4320000	3.06	2.09	.90	2.13	.87	.38
3500	5040000	3.57	2.81	1.22	2.48	1.16	.50
4000	5760000	4.08	3.64	1.58	2.84	1.50	.65
4500	6480000	4.59	4.58	1.98	3.19	1.88	.82
5000	7200000	5.11	5.62	2.43	3.55	2.31	1.00
5500	7920000	5.62	6.77	2.93	3.90	2.77	1.20
6000	8640000	6.13	8.03	3.48	4.26	3.28	1.42
7000	10080000	7.15	10.86	4.71	4.96	4.43	1.92
8000	11520000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.67	5.75	2.49
9000	12960000	. . .	. . .	. . .	6.38	7.25	3.14
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	30-Inch Pipe.			36-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
		Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds.	Velocity in Feet.	Feet.	Pounds.
500	720000	.23	.01	.00	.16	.01	.00
1000	1440000	.45	.04	.02	.32	.02	.01
1500	2160000	.68	.09	.04	.47	.04	.02
2000	2880000	.91	.15	.06	.63	.06	.03
2500	3600000	1.13	.22	.09	.79	.09	.04
3000	4320000	1.36	.30	.13	.95	.13	.06
3500	5040000	1.59	.40	.17	1.10	.17	.07
4000	5760000	1.82	.52	.22	1.26	.22	.09
4500	6480000	2.04	.64	.28	1.42	.27	.12
5000	7200000	2.27	.78	.34	1.58	.33	.14
5500	7920000	2.50	.94	.41	1.73	.39	.17
6000	8640000	2.72	1.11	.48	1.89	.46	.20
7000	10080000	3.18	1.49	.65	2.21	.62	.27
8000	11520000	3.63	1.93	.84	2.52	.80	.35
9000	12960000	4.08	2.43	1.05	2.84	1.00	.43
10000	14400000	4.54	2.98	1.29	3.15	1.23	.53
11000	15840000	5.00	3.59	1.55	3.46	1.47	.64
12000	17280000	5.44	4.25	1.84	3.78	1.74	.75
13000	18720000	5.90	4.97	2.15	4.09	2.03	.88
14000	20160000	6.36	5.75	2.49	4.41	2.35	1.02
15000	21600000	6.80	6.58	2.85	4.73	2.69	1.17
16000	23040000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.05	3.46	1.32
17000	24480000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.36	3.43	1.49
18000	25920000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.68	3.83	1.66
20000	28800000	. . . .	. . . .	. . . .	6.30	4.71	2.04

Note.—A pressure of one lb. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of water 2.3093 feet or 27.71 inches high at 62° F.; and a pressure of one atmosphere, or 14.7 lbs. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of water 33.947 feet high, or 10.347 meters at 62° F.

Table.

The pressure of water in pounds per square inch for every ft. in height to 300 feet and then by intervals to 1,000 feet head. By this table, from the pounds pressure per square inch, the feet head is readily obtained and vice versa.