- for papa, tátay or tatáy, tátang̃ or tatáng̃, itáy, or itáng̃;
- for,, mamma, nánay or nanáy, nánang̃ or nanáng̃, ináy, or ináng̃.
There are others applied to grandfathers and grandmothers, and also to those persons who act or are considered as fathers or mothers. Examples:
- Mano, manóng, mamo, mamoy, babay, dudoy, dudù inco, tutoy, yuyu, iyô (applied to elder brothers, uncles or elder male relatives of any degree, even to persons not related to but respected by the speaker or writer).
- Mana[37] manang, manáy, mama, mamay. manding, duday, duda, insi tutay, yuya, tuta (applied to elder sisters, aunts or elder female relatives of any [[32]]degree, even to women not related to, but respected by the speaker or writer).
- Tío, or tí, tia or tí (applied as á form of politeness and respect, respectively to men or women not related to or unknown by the speaker or writer).
- Idoy, íntoy, budóy, busóy, and idáy, inday, udáy, idíng, iyíng, bididay, nonay, neneng, (applied with tenderness to boys or girls respectively).
NOTE.—The word cuán (so and so), not meaning anything by itself, is applied to persons or things whose names the speaker or writer does not know, or venture, or wish to express. As the phrase “so and so”, it helps a great deal in a conversation, and is used also instead of the verbs and other parts of speech.
The words inín (contracted of iní nga) and adâ (I guess, perhaps) are also used in the conversation, as auxiliary particles, they being then equivalent to the English why.
Examples:
- Question.—“¿Guinsorat mo na an balos?” (Have you already written the answer?)
- Answer.—“Oo guincoan co na gad” (Yes I already have).
- Q.—¿Háin an basahón? (Where is the book?)
- A.—Inin … aadto ada ha ac solód (why … I guess it is in my room)
- Q.—Mapiráu, ¿ano in bubuhaton co? (I am sleepy, what shall I do?)
- A.—Ada … catúrog (Why … to sleep).
POSITIVE, COMPARATIVE, AND SUPERLATIVE.
As in other languages, there are three degrees for adjectives, also used for substantives in Bisayan. These degrees are positive, comparative and superlative.
Nothing particular needs be observed about the positive degree, except what is mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs: [[33]]