2. The ch'ü (township) office is a subsidiary organization to the hsien government. Its duty is to supervise the affairs of the various hsiang (chên) on behalf of the hsien government in connection with the enforcement of local autonomy.
a. The scope of the ch'ü should consist of from six to fifteen hsiang. In those hsien in which the total number of hsiang is below fifteen, no ch'ü office should be established. The hsiang in such cases are to be placed under the direct jurisdiction of the hsien government. In frontier regions where special conditions obtain, specifications for the number of hsiang for the ch'ü office may be modified.
In hsien where no ch'ü office is established, the hsien government should appoint representatives to supervise the affairs of the different hsiang.
b. The ch'ü office is headed by a district chief under whom there should be two to five directors handling civic, financial, construction, education, and military affairs. All such personnel are by special appointment with pay, and they should be chosen by the superior organizations from those who have received appropriate training. The district chiefs should preferably be those who come from the districts to which they are designated, their qualifications and treatment to be fixed by law.
c. In the place where the ch'ü office is seated, there should be established a police bureau which is to be under the direction of the district chief dealing with the police administration of the place.
d. In the ch'ü there should be established the hsiang reconstruction committee comprising local leaders as members. This committee is to conduct research and map out the plans concerning rural reconstruction, the district chief acting concurrently as its chairman.
e. In order to increase the vocational ability of the people and develop local industries, there should be established in the ch'ü vocational training classes.
f. In addition to the number of policemen as specified, there should be organized in the ch'ü the joint able-bodied citizens' corps (Chuang-ting lien tui-pu) office which is to control and supervise the Chuang-ting of the various hsiang (chên). Whenever necessary, the chuang-ting may be summoned together for special training and organization.
g. The ch'ü office should unite together all the hsiang (chên) cooperative societies and organize them into cooperative unions. Each union is to consist of several departments dealing with different cooperative enterprises. The ch'ü office should appoint a supervisor to be stationed in the union.
3. The hsiang (chên) is to be defined as the basic administrative unit under the hsien, and its organization should be substantiated accordingly.
a. Each hsiang in principle comprises six to fifteen pao. In drawing such limits, however, consideration should be given to the historical background and natural conditions of the locality. The demarcation and the organization of the pao chia system are to be decided upon by the hsien government, subject to the approval of the provincial government. Reports must also be submitted to the Central Government.
b. The chief personnel of the hsiang guild (kung so) should include a director (hsiang chang) and one or two vice-directors. They are to be elected from qualified citizens at the hsiang people's representative meetings. In the guild there should be provided four departments, handling civic, police, economic and cultural affairs respectively, each to be headed by one man with several staff members. These posts should be held by the vice-directors and teachers of the hsiang primary schools. The date for the election of the director and vice-directors of the hsiang is to be fixed and announced in orders to be issued by the hsien government. The term of their office will be two years.
c. There should be established in each hsiang a central school composed of three divisions for children, women especially, and adults. There should be primary and higher primary classes. The posts of the school principal, leader of the able-bodied citizens' corps, and director of the hsiang are to be concurrently held by one man. The teachers are to undertake the extracurricular duties of training and supervising. They are also to help the hsiang director to handle affairs of the hsiang. In the higher primary class of the school stress should be laid on training the masses to enable them to undertake the work of census-taking, promotion of health and sanitation and cooperative affairs.
In places with better economic and educational development, the principals of the hsiang central schools should preferably concentrate on their own duties at school.
d. The cooperative societies also have the hsiang as the unit (with branch societies in the pao). There should also be established in the hsiang public safe-deposit agencies for the storage of articles. Separate granaries should be set up whenever necessary.
e. The leader of the hsiang able-bodied citizens' corps should from time to time summon chosen groups of the chuang ting of the pao to the hsiang to undergo advanced training. During the training period, they are to perform police duties and when the period expires they are to be sent back to take up the work as junior officers of the able-bodied citizens' corps of the pao, charged also with the duties of promoting local autonomy in the pao. Thus not only will the police force be strengthened, but various activities properly developed. The outposts established in the hsiang by the hsien police bureaus should also be placed under the direction of the hsiang director.
f. The hsiang should convene hsiang affairs meetings with the director as chairman and all the department heads and senior members of the staff in attendance. The chiefs of the pao concerning whom proposals are submitted to the meeting should also be present.
g. A hospital or clinic should be established for each hsiang or a number of hsiang. These hospitals or clinics should be staffed with Western-trained doctors. In case of lack of personnel and finance, [old-style] Chinese physicians may do on a temporary basis.
4. The pao should be defined as a constituent of the hsiang and its organization be substantiated accordingly.
a. Each pao is to consist of from six to fifteen chia, headed by a pao chang (chief of the pao) and an assistant pao chang. They are to be elected from qualified citizens at the pao people's meeting, and their names are to be submitted by the hsiang guild to the hsien government. Before the election, the pao chang and assistant pao chang may be nominated by the hsiang guild subject to official appointment by the hsien government. In the office of the pao there should be two to four secretaries (kan shih) handling civic, police, economic and cultural affairs. These posts may be concurrently held by the assistant pao chang and teachers of citizens' (mass education) schools. In pao with limited finances, one secretary may suffice.
The term of office for the pao chang and assistant pao chang will be two years. They may be re-elected at the expiration of their term of office.
b. All affairs of the pao should be discussed and transacted at pao affairs meeting in which as many capable citizens of the pao as possible are to be asked to participate, in order to hasten progress of the reconstruction of the pao.
c. All the activities undertaken by the pao are to be under the supervision and direction of the hsiang guild, the ch'ü office and the hsien government. The latter superior organs should give constant help and advice so that the program of work may be carried out step by step as desired.
d. Every pao is to have a mass education school, with the principal of the school concurrently serving as the pao chang and as the leader of the pao able-bodied citizens' corps. The school is to comprise three divisions for children, for women especially, and for adults, and its aim is to raise the level of education and vocational ability of the masses. Teachers are also to help the pao chang in dealing with various affairs of the pao.
In pao better-developed in economic resources and education, the principles of the mass education schools should preferably concentrate on their school duties.
e. Membership of the pao branches of the cooperative societies is composed of the families in the pao. The directors of the branch societies are to be elected by members. The pao chang can be elected and concurrently hold this office.
f. The pao office, the pao able-bodied citizens' corps and the pao mass education schools should be simultaneously established. They should have a joint office so that affairs of common interest may be pushed from the same center.
g. In densely populated areas where a village and a street seem each to be an integral part of the other, two or three pao may be amalgamated, the amalgamation not exceeding three pao. The mass education schools, branch cooperative societies and treasuries, likewise, may be amalgamated, with only the pao able-bodied citizens' corps remaining separate. One presiding pao chang is to be elected to take the helm of affairs, and a joint office is to be established.
h. The pao should be equipped with a medicine box, with one of the mass education school teachers trained in rudiments of the medical science, in charge. He is to give simple treatment for diseases and to give small-pox vaccination. If this should prove beyond the finances of one pao, several pao may join together.
i. The organization of the chia is to consist of from six to fifteen families, headed by a chia chang. There should be meetings of the heads of families, and general chia conferences, held from time to time.
The chia chang is to be elected at the meeting of heads of families. His name is to be submitted by the pao office to the hsiang guild.
j. The pao may retain its old name, such as ts'un (village), chieh (street) or ch'ang (market), but it is desired that they should gradually adopt the official name of pao with a view to uniformity.
C. People's Organs through Which Popular Political Opinions May Be Expressed
1. To increase the people's interest in participation in government affairs and to train their political insight and ability in accordance with the principle of the inherent unity of teaching, learning and practicing, people's organs for discussion of government affairs for the various administrative units under the hsien should be established within specified time limits, and these organs should be vested with the appropriate authority.
2. In the pao should be established the pao people's meeting to elect the pao chang; the hsiang, the hsiang people's representative meeting to elect the hsiang chang.[3] (The qualifications and standards of both the pao chang and the hsiang chang are to be specified by law.) Thus it is hoped to attain the ideal standards of local government and to establish the system of the people's supervision of the government. No people's organ is needed for the ch'ü (district), while the hsien people's council will serve as the general organ for people of the entire hsien.
3. With a view to flexibility in the exercise of the people's privileges, members of the hsien people's council are to be brought forth at the hsiang people's representative meetings. Each hsiang is entitled to elect one representative as member of the council. The number of representatives of legitimate professional bodies may be increased in order to put representation of the districts and that of the professions on equal footing. Representatives to the hsiang people's meeting are to be produced at the pao people's meeting. Each pao is entitled to two representatives. The pao people's meeting should be attended by one person from each family whose qualifications and position in the family conforms to specifications in the law.