[83] Cf. his Dramas and Dramatic Dances, etc., pp. 63, 337, 385, and passim.
[84] Cf. Marrett, Classical Review, XXX (1916), 159.
[85] Cf. Zieliński, Die Gliederung der altattischen Komödie (1885); Humphreys, “The Agon of the Old Comedy,” American Journal of Philology, VIII (1887), 179 ff.; Poppelreuter, De Comoediae Atticae Primordiis (1893); A. Körte, “Archäologische Studien zur alten Komödie,” Jahrbuch d. archäologischen Instituts, VIII (1893), 61 ff.; Loeschcke, Athenische Mittheilungen, XIX (1894), 518, note; Bethe, Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Theaters im Alterthum (1896), pp. 48 ff.; Mazon, Essai sur la Composition des Comédies d’Aristophane (1904); Capps, “The Introduction of Comedy into the City Dionysia,” University of Chicago Decennial Publications, VI (1904), 266 ff., and in Columbia University lectures on Greek Literature (1912), pp. 124 ff.; Navarre, “Les origines et la structure technique de la comédie ancienne,” Revue des Études anciennes, XIII (1911), 245 ff.; White, The Verse of Greek Comedy (1912); Cornford, The Origin of Attic Comedy (1914), reviewed by Flickinger in Classical Weekly, VIII (1915), 221 ff.; and Ridgeway, The Dramas and Dramatic Dances of Non-European Races with an Appendix on the Origin of Greek Comedy (1915), reviewed by Flickinger, Classical Weekly, XI (1918), 109 f.
[86] I am indebted to Professor Capps for this translation; the word is generally taken to mean “masks” here.
[87] Cf. Aristotle’s Poetics 1449a37-b9.
[88] The phallus was a representation of the membrum virile, and such ceremonies were primarily intended to secure fertility.
[89] Cf. Aristotle’s Poetics 1449a9-13.
[90] The second is, of course, the personification of Increase; the first is not so obvious. Some connect it with Demeter; it has also been proposed to interpret it as the Cretan form of ζημία, “damage.” The one would therefore represent the productive and the other the destructive powers; cf. Macan’s edition ad loc. This would accord very neatly with Cornford’s positive and negative charms.
[91] Cf. Jacoby, Das Marmor Parium, p. 13: ἀφ’ οὑ ἐν Ἀθ[ήν]αις κωμω[ιδῶν χο]ρ[ὸς ἐτ]έθη, [στη]σάν[των πρώ]των Ἰκαριέων, εὑροντος Σουσαρίωνος, καὶ ᾆθλον ἐτέθη πρῶτον ὶσχάδω[ν] ἄρσιχο[ς] καὶ οἴνου με[τ]ρητής, [ἔτη .... The exact date is not determinable but is limited to a period of twenty years by other entries just before and after this one.
[92] Figs. 12 and 13 are taken, by permission of the Council of the Hellenic Society, from the Journal of Hellenic Studies, II (1881), Pl. XIV, A1 and B1; Fig. 14 from Poppelreuter, op. cit., p. 8; and Figs. 15 and 16 from Robinson, Boston Museum Catalogue of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Vases (1893), p. 136.