The first sources of the Latin hymns and sequences are the manuscript and printed breviaries and missals of the Western Church. Both these have been explored by the collectors from Clichtove to Kehrein, although it cannot be said that the examination has been exhaustive either as regards the manuscripts or the printed books.
The following is an approximate list of the printed breviaries which have been examined by modern collectors:
| LOCAL BREVIARIES. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Aberdonense, | Aberdeen, | 1509-10, | Daniel. |
| Ambrosianum, | Milan, | 1557, | Neale, Morel, Zabuesnig. |
| Argentinense, | Strasburg, | 1520, | Neale. |
| Basiliense, | Basel, | 1493, | Morel. |
| Bracharense, | 1494, | Neale. | |
| Caduncense, | Cahors, | Neale. | |
| Coloniense, | Koeln, | 1521, | Zabuesnig. |
| Constantiense, | Konstanz, | 1504, 1516, | Morel, Daniel. |
| Cordubiense, | Cordova, | 1583, | Morel. |
| Cracoviense, | Krakau, | 1524, | Morel. |
| Curiense, | Kur, | c. 1500, | Morel. |
| Eboracense, | York, | Neale, Newman. | |
| Erfordense, | Erfurt, | 1518, | Daniel. |
| Friburgense, | Freiburg, | Daniel. | |
| Gallicum, | France, | 1527, | Morel. |
| Halberstadtense, | Halberstadt, | 1515, | Daniel. |
| Havelbergense, | Havelberg, | 1518, | Daniel. |
| Herefordense, | Hereford, | 1505, | Neale. |
| Lengres, | Daniel. | ||
| Lundense, | Lund, | 1517, | Daniel. |
| Magdeburgense, | Magdeburg, | 1514, | Daniel. |
| Merseburgense, | Merseburg, | 1504, | Daniel. |
| Mindense, | Minden, | 1490, | Daniel. |
| Misniense, | Meissen, | 1490, | Daniel. |
| Mozarabicum, | Old Spanish, | 1775, | Daniel. |
| Parisiense vet., | Paris (old), | 1527, | Neale. |
| Parisiense, | 1736, | Newman, Zabuesnig. | |
| Pictaviense, | Poitou, | 1515, | Daniel. |
| Placentinum, | Piacenza, | 1503, | Morel. |
| Romanum vet., | Rome (old), | 1481, 1484, 1520, | Kehrein. |
| 1497, | Daniel. | ||
| 1543, | Morel. | ||
| Romanum, | Rome (new), | 1631, | Zabuesnig, Daniel. |
| Roschildense, | Roeskild, | 1517, | Daniel. |
| Salisburgense, | Salzburg, | 1515, | Neale, Daniel. |
| Sarisburense, | Salisbury, | 1555, | Neale, Daniel, Newman. |
| Slesvicense, | Schleswig, | 1512, | Daniel. |
| Spirense, | Speier, | 1478, | Zabuesnig. |
| Tornacense, | Tournay, | 1540, | Neale. |
| Tullense, | Toul, | 1780, | Daniel. |
| MONASTIC BREVIARIES. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Augustinianorum, | 1557, | Morel, Zabuesnig, Neale. |
| Benedictinorum, | 1518, 1543, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| Canonum Reg. Augustini, | Zabuesnig. | |
| Carmelitarum, | 1759, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| Carthusianorum, | 1500, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| Cisterciensium, | 1510, 1752, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| Franciscanorum, | 1481, 1486, 1495, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| Humiliatorum, | 1483, | Neale. |
| Praemonstratensium, | 1741, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| Praedicatorum, | 1482, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| Servorum Mariae, | 1643, | Daniel, Zabuesnig. |
| LOCAL MISSALS. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Aboense, | Abo, | 1488, | Daniel, Neale. |
| Ambianense, | Amiens, | 1529, | Neale. |
| Aquiliense, | Aquileia, | Daniel. | |
| Argentinense, | Strasburg, | 1520, | Neale. |
| Athanatense, | St. Yrieix, | 1531, | Morel. |
| Atrebatense, | Arras, | 1510, | Neale. |
| Augustense, | Augsburg, | 1510, | Kehrein. |
| Brandenburgense, | Brandenburg, | C., 1500, | Daniel. |
| Bursfeldense, | Bursfeld, | 1518, | Kehrein. |
| Coloniense, | Koeln, | 1504, 1520, | Daniel, Kehrein. |
| Eychstadense | Eichstädt, | 1500, | Daniel. |
| Frisingense, | Freysingen, | 1514, | Daniel. |
| Hafniense, | Copenhagen, | Neale. | |
| Halberstatense, | Halberstadt, | 1511, | Kehrein. |
| Herbipolense, | Würzburg, | 1509, | Neale, Kehrein. |
| Leodiense, | Liege, | 1513, | Neale. |
| Lubecense, | Lubeck, | C., 1480, | Wackernagel. |
| Magdeburgense, | Magdeburg, | 1493, | Wackernagel. |
| Mindense, | Minden, | 1515, | Daniel, Kehrein. |
| Moguntinum, | Mainz, | 1482, 1497, | Mone, Wackernagel. |
| 1507, 1513, | Kehrein, Neale. | ||
| Morinense, | Neale. | ||
| Narbonense, | Narbonne, | 1528, | Neale. |
| Nidriosense, | Trondhjem, | 1519, | Neale. |
| Noviemsense, | Noyon, | 1506, | Neale. |
| Numburgense, | Naumburg, | 1501, 1507, | Wackernagel, Daniel. |
| Parisiense vet., | Paris (old), | 1516, | Neale. |
| Parisiense, | 1739, | Newman. | |
| Pataviense, | Padua, | 1491, | Daniel. |
| Pictaviense, | Poitou, | 1524, | Neale. |
| Pragense, | Prag, | 1507, 1522, | Neale, Daniel, Kehrein. |
| Ratisbonense, | Regensburg, | 1492, | Daniel, Neale. |
| Redonense, | Rennes, | 1523, | Neale. |
| Salisburgense, | Salzburg, | 1515, | Neale. |
| Sarisburense | Salisbury, | 1555, | Neale. |
| Spirense, | Speier, | 1498, | Neale. |
| Strengnense, | Strengnaes, | 1487, | Neale. |
| Tornacense, | Tournay, | 1540, | Neale. |
| Trajectense, | Utrecht, | 1513, | Neale. |
| Upsalense, | Upsal, | 1513, | Neale. |
| Verdense, | Verden, | 1500, | Neale. |
| Xantonense | Saintes, | 1491, | Neale. |
| MONASTIC MISSALS. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Benedictinorum, | 1498, | Neale, Kehrein. |
| Cistercensium, | 1504, | Daniel. |
| Franciscanorum, | 1520, | Kehrein. |
| Praemonstratensium, | 1530, | Daniel. |
| Praedicatorum, | 1500, | Zabuesnig. |
Of lesser church-books Zabuesnig has used the Processionale of the Dominicans or Preachers, and Newman that of the Church of York. Morel has drawn upon the Paris Horae of 1519, and Daniel on the Cantionale of Konstanz of 1607.
Yet this shows that either only a minority of the printed church-books of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries have been examined, or else that the majority yielded nothing new in return for such examination.
We proceed with the bibliography of the collections and the historical treatises and discussions which bear on Latin Hymnology, together with the most important volumes of translations. These we shall give in chronological order, and where the initials S. W. D. are appended to the comments, it will be understood that these are by Mr. Duffield, not by his editor. The numbers marked with an asterisk (*) indicate works employed in the preparation of the present volume.
1. Sequentiarum Textus cum optimo Commento. (S. l. e. a.) Printed at Koeln (Cologne) by Henry Quentell in 1492 or 1494. The following is bound up with the early editions of this as a kind of appendix, but afterward frequently printed by itself. 2. Expositio Hymnorum cum notabili [seu familiari] Commento. (S. l. e. a.) Also printed at Koeln by Henry Quentell in 1492 or 1494, and 1506. Later editions are: Hagenau, 1493; Basil, 1504; Koeln, 1596; and many others. For the full reference, vide Daniel, I.: xvii. There were many of these, and the most famous was long regarded as indispensable to the study of the Latin hymns. It is that of Clichtove. S.W.D. 3. Liber hymnorum in metra noviter redactorum. Apologia et defensio poeticae ac oratoriae maiestatis. Brevis expositio difficilium terminorum in hymnis ab aliis parum probe et erudite forsan interpretatorum per Henricum Bebelium I ustingensem edita poeticam et humaniores litteras publice profitentem in gymnasio Tubingensi. Annotationes eiusdem in quasdam vocabulorum interpretationes Mammetracti. Thubingen, 1501. Henry Bebel was a humanist, and became professor at Tübingen in 1497. Zapf published a biography of him at Augsburg in 1801. 4. Hymni et Sequentiae cum diligenti difficillimorum vocabulorum interpretatione omnibus et scholasticis et ecclesiasticis cognitu necessaria Hermanni Torrentini de omnibus puritatis lingue latine studiosis quam optime meriti.—Coloniae, MCCCCCXIII. Daniel says that a second edition (1550, 1536?) has so closely followed Clichtoveus that the first edition only is worthy of note. Hermann Torrentinus was a native of Zwolle, and belonged to the Brotherhood of the Common Life. He was professor at Groningen about 1490, and lived until about 1520. He was one of the group which gathered around John Wessel Gansfort, in whom Luther recognized a kindred spirit. 5. De tempore et sanctis per totum annum hymnarius in metra ut ab Ambrosio, Sedulio, Prudentio ceterisque doctoribus hymni sunt compositi. Groningen phrisie iam noviter redactus incipit feliciter. 6. Psalterium Davidis adiunctis hymnis felicem habet finem opera et impensis Melchior Lotters ducalis opidi Liptzensis concivis Anno Milesimo quingentesimo undecimo XVIII die Aprilis [1511]. 7.* Iodoci Clichtovaei Elucidatorium ecclesiasticum ad Officium Ecclesiae pertinentia planius exponens et quatuor Libros complectens. Primus Hymnos de Tempore et Sanctis per totum Annum. Secundus nonnulla Cantica, Antiphonas et Responsaria. Tertius ea quae ad Missae pertinet Officium, praesertim Praefationes. Quartus Prosas quae in sancti Altaris Sacrificio dicuntur continet. Paris, 1515; Basil, 1517 and 1519; Venice, 1555; Paris, 1556; Koeln, 1732. The best book of its time on the subject, and long indispensable to the hymnologist. Josse Clichtove was a Flemish theologian. He studied at Paris under the famous Lefevre d’Etaples, and enjoyed the friendship of Erasmus. He was a zealous opponent of Luther. He died in 1543. The Venice edition of his Elucidatorium—Hymni et Prosae, quae per totum Annum in Ecclesiâ leguntur—is much altered, and contains additional hymns from Italian, French, and Hungarian Breviaries, while it also omits others given by Clichtove. 8. Hymni de tempore et de sanctis in eam formam qua a suis autoribus scripti sunt denuo redacti et secundum legem carminis diligenter emendati atque interpretati. Anno Domini, MDXIX. Jacob Wimpheling is the editor. He was an eminent theologian and humanist of Strasburg, and the first to edit Rabanus Maurus’s De Laudibus Sanctae Crucis. Already in 1499 he had published a tract: De Hymnorum et Sequentiarum Auctoribus Generibusque Carminum quae in Hymnis inveniuntur. One authority gives 1511 as the date of his Hymni. 9. Sequentiarum luculenta interpretatio nedum scholasticis sed et ecclesiasticis cognitu necessaria per Ioannem Adelphum physicum Argentinensem collecta. Anno Domini, MDXIX. 10. Jakob van Meyer: Hymni aliquot ecclesiastici et Carmina Pia. Louvain, 1537. 11. Liber ecclesiasticorum carminum, cum alijs Hymnis et Prosis exquisitissimis a sanctis orthodoxae fidei Patribus in usum piorum mentium compositis. Basil, B. Westhemerus, 1538. 12. Laurentius Massorillus: Aureum Sacrorum Hymnorum Opus. Foligni, 1547. 13.* Hymni ecclesiastici praesertim qui Ambrosiani dicuntur multis in locis recogniti et multorum hymnorum accessione locupletati. Cum Scholiis opportunis in locis adjectis et Hymnorum indice Georgii Cassandri. Et, Beda de Metrorum generibus ex primo libra de re metrica. Coloniae Anno MDLVI. This was reprinted in Cassander’s Works (Parisiis, 1616). Cassander was a Catholic, who sympathized with the Reformation, and his book was prohibited by the Roman Catholic Church. “In Romana ecclesia liber est vetitus,” says Daniel. With the drawback that his knowledge and opportunities were limited by the age in which he lived, it can still be said that this is a very valuable and helpful collection—the scholarly work of an earnest man. S. W. D. 14. Cantiones Ecclesiasticae Latinae ac Synceriores quaedam praeculae Dominicis & Festis Diebus in Commemoratione Cenae Domini, per totius Anni Circulum cantandae ac perlegendae. Per Johannem Spangenbergium Ecclesiae Northusianae inspectorem. Magdeburg, 1543. 15a. Carmina vetusta ante trecentos scripta, quae deplorant inscitiam Evangelii, et taxant abusus ceremoniarum, ac quae ostendunt doctrinam hujus temporis non esse novam. Fulsit enim semper et fulgebit in aliquibus vera Ecclesiae doctrina. Cum Praefatione Matthiae Flacii Illyrici. Wittemberg, 1548. 15b. Pia quaedam vetustissima Poemata, partim Anti-Christum, ejusque spirituales Filiolos insectantia, partim etiam Christum, ejusque beneficium mira spiritus alacritate celebrantia. Cum praefatione Matthiae Flacii Illyrici. Magdeburg, 1552. 15c. Varia Doctorum Piorumque Virorum de Corrupto Statu Ecclesiae Poemata. Ante nostram aetatem conscripta, ex quibus multa historiae quoque utiliter ac summa cum voluptate cognosci possunt. Cum Praefatione Matthiae Flacii Illyrici. Magdeburg, 1556. Reprinted 1754. These three collections are of importance to the hymnologist. From the first Wackernagel has extracted a number of fine hymns. The third contains Bernard of Cluny’s De Contemptu Mundi. 16. Hymni aliquot sacri veterum Patrum una cum eorum simplici Paraphrasi, brevibus argumentis, singulis Carminum generibus, & concinnis Melodijs ... Collectore Georgio Thymo. Goslar, 1552. 17. Psalmodia, hoc est Cantica Sacra veteris Ecclesiae selecta. Quo ordine & Melodijs per totius anni curriculum cantari vsitate solent in templis de Deo, & de filio ejus Iesv Christo, ... Et de Spiritv Sancto.... Jam primum ad Ecclesiarum, & Scholarum vsum diligenter collecta, et brevibus et pijs Scholijs illustrata per Lucam Lossium Luneburgensem. Cum Praefatione Philippi Melanthonis. Wittemberg, 1552 and 1595; Nuremberg, 1553 and 1595. Die Hymni, oder geistlichen Lobgeseng, wie man die in der Cystertienser orden durchs gantz Jar singet. Mit hohem vleis verteutschet durch Leonhardum Kethnerum. Nurnberg, 1555. 18. Hymni et Sequentiae, tam de Tempore quam de Sanctis, cum suis Melodijs, sicut olim sunt cantatae in Ecclesia Dei, & jam passim correcta, per M. Hermannum Bonnum, Superintendentem quondam Ecclesiae Lubecensis, in vsum Christianae juventutis scholasticae fideliter congesta & euulgata. Lubeck, 1559. 19. Pauli Eberi, Psalmi seu cantica in ecclesia cantari solita. Witteburgiae, 1564. 20.* Poetarum Veterum Ecclesiasticorum Opera Christiana et operum reliquiae atque fragmenta. Thesaurus catholicae et orthodoxae ecclesiae et antiquitatis religiosae ad utilitatem iuventutis scholasticae, collectus, emendatus, digestus et commentario quoque expositus diligentia et studio Georgii Fabricii Chemnicensis. Basileae per Ioannem Oporinum MDLXIIII. A second edition in 1572. George Fabricius, of Chemnitz, besides editing this important book, was the most prolific writer of Latin hymns the Lutheran Church possessed. 21. Johann Leisentrit: Geistliche Lieder und Psalmen der alten Apostolischer recht und warglaubiger Christlicher Kirchen. 2 parts. Budissin, 1567. Used by Wackernagel. Although Leisentrit was the Roman Catholic dean of Budissin, his first part seems to have been censured as of Protestant tendency. The second is made up of hymns to Mary and the Saints. This part was reprinted in 1573 and 1584. 22. Cantica Selecta Veteris Novique Testamenti cum Hymnis et Collectis seu orationibus purioribus quae in orthodoxa atque catholica ecclesia cantari solent. Addita dispositione et familiari expositione Christophori Corneri. Lipsiae cum privilegio MDLXVIII. A second edition in 1571, and a third in 1573. 23. Cantica ex sacris literis in ecclesia cantari solita cum hymnis et collectis, etc., recognita et aucta per D. Georgium Maiorem. Wittemberg, 1570. 23b. Hymni et Collectae, item Evangelia, Epistolae, etc., quae diebus dominicis et festivis leguntur. Koeln, 1573. 24. Psalterium Davidis, etc., cum lemmatibus ac notis Adami Siberi. Accesserunt Hymni festorum dierum insignium. Lipsiae, Iohannes Rhamba excudebat Anno MDLXXVII. 25. Hymnorum Ecclesiasticorum ab Andrea Ellingero V. Cl. emendatorum libri III, etc. MDLXXVIII. Francofurti ad moenum. Daniel calls this the most ample of all the collections, but he criticises the first two volumes severely for their arrangement, and the changes in text made for metrical reasons. The third volume he was able to use, but he felt unsafe in the others except when the editor positively stated in his notes what he considered the original and genuine text. S. W. D. 26. Joh. Holthusius: Compendium Cantionum ecclesiasticarum. Augsburg, 1579. 27. In hymnos ecclesiasticos ferme omnes Michaelis Timothei Gatensis brevis elucidatio. Venetiae, 1582. 28. Hymni et Collectae. Koeln, 1585. 29. Lorenza Strozzi: In singula totius Anni Solemnia Hymni. Florence, 1588. These hymns were adopted into the service-books of several dioceses, and were translated into French by Pavillon, and set to music by Maduit. The author was a Dominican nun of the famous Strozzi family. 30. Collectio Hymnorum per totum Annum. Antwerp, Plantin, 1593. 31. Francis Algermann: Ephemeris Hymnorum Ecclesiasticorum ex Patribus selecta. Helmstadt, 1596. With German translations. 32. Vesperale et Matutinale, hoc est Cantica, Hymni & Collectae, seu Precationes ecclesiasticae quae in primis et secundis vesperis, itemque matutinis Precibus, per totius Anni circulum, in ecclesiis, & religiosis piorum congressibus cantari solent. 1599. The author, Matthew Luidke, was deacon of the Church in Havelberg, and aimed at the naturalization of the methods of the old church books among Lutherans. Daniel gives this book the palm among the Lutheran collections of the Latin hymns. Its author also published a Missale, and died in 1606. 33. Divorum patrum et doctorum ecclesiae qui oratione ligata scripserunt Paraphrases et Meditationes in Evangelia dominicalia e diversis ipsorum scriptis collectae a. M. Ioach. Zehnero ecclesiae Schleusingensis pastore et Superintendente. Lipsiae, 1602, sumptibus Thomae Schureri. “Liber utilissimus,” Daniel. The author was a Protestant, and a diligent student of the old hymns. S. W. D. 34.* Bernardi Morlanensis Monachi ordinis Cluniacensis De Vanitate Mundi, et Gloriâ Caelesti, Liber Aureus. Item alij ejusdem Libri Tres Ejusdem fermè Argumenti, Quibus cum primis in Curiae Romanae & Cleri horrenda scelera stylo Satyrico carmine Rhithmico Dactylico miro artificio ante annos fermè quingentos elaborato, gravissime invehitur. Editi recens, et plurimis locis emendati, studio & opera Eilh. Lubini. Rostochii, Typis Reusnerianis, Anno MDCX. One hundred and twenty unnumbered pages in duodecimo, of which three are filled by a dedicatory letter to Matthias Matthiae, Lutheran pastor at Schwensdorf. Professor Lubinus gives no account of the sources of his edition, but says of Bernard: “Vixit hic Bernardus Anno Christo 1130. Scripsit colloquium Gabrielis & Mariae. Item hosce, quos jam edimus, & non paucis locis correximus, libros.” 35. Card. Ioannis Bonae, de divina Psalmodia, tractatus, sive psallentis Ecclesiae Harmonia. Rome, 1653; Antwerp and Koeln, 1677; Paris, 1678; Antwerp, 1723. Also in his Opera, Turin, 1747. 36. Charles Guyet: Heortologia, sive de Festis propriis Locorum et Ecclesiarum: Hymni propriae variarum Galliae Ecclesiarum revocati ad Carminis et Latinitatis Leges. Folio. Paris, 1657; Urbino, 1728; Venice, 1729. 37a. David Greg. Corner: Grosz Katholisch Gesangbuch. Furth bei Ge., 1625. 37b. D. G. Corner: Cantionale. 1655. 37c. D. G. Corner: Promptuarium Catholicae Devotionis. Vienna, 1672. 37d. D. G. Corner: Horologium Christianae Pietatis. Heidelberg, 1688. Contain many old Latin hymns. The third is used by Trench. 38. Andreas Eschenbach: Dissertatio de Poetis sacris Christianis. Altdorf, 1685. (Reprinted in his Dissertationes Academicae. Nuremberg, 1705.) 39. C. S. Schurzfleisch: Dissertatio de Hymnis veteris Ecclesiae. Wittemberg, 1685. 40. Lud. Ant. Muratori: Anecdota quae ex Ambrosianae Bibliothecae Codicibus nunc primum eruit, notis et disquisitionibus auxit. 2 vols. in quarto. Milan, 1697-98. Contains the Bangor Antiphonary and the hymns of Paulinus of Nola. 41. Hymni spirituales pro diversis Animae Christianae Statibus. Paris, 1713. 42a. Polycarp Leyser: Dissertatio de ficta Medii Aevi Barbarie, imprimis circa Poesin Latinam. Helmstadt, 1719. 42b. Pol. Leyser: Historia Poetarum et Poematum Medii Aevi. Halle, 1721. 42c.* J. G. Walch: De Hymnis Ecclesiae Apostolicae. Jena, 1737. (Reprinted in his Miscellanea Sacra: Amsterdam, 1744.) 43.* Josephi Mariae Thomasii S.R.E. Cardinalis Opera omnia.—Rome, 1741, in 6 vols., folio, and 1747 et seq. in 12 vols., 4to. (The Hymnarium is found in pages 351-434 of Vol. II., in the 4to edition.) “This book,” remarks Daniel, “is sufficiently rare in Germany, but the editor of sacred hymns can by no means do without it.” The reason is that Thomasius had access to the Vatican MSS., and was therefore able to unearth many rare and valuable texts. He also designated the probable authorship of a goodly number of the hymns—not always correctly, but usually with considerable truth. S. W. D. 44. Peter Zorn: De Hymnorum ecclesiasticorum Latinorum Collectoribus. In his Opuscula Sacra, Altona, 1731 and 1743. 44b. D. Galle: De Hymnis Ecclesiae veteris. Wittemberg, 1736. Pp. 16, 4to. 45. I. H. a Seelen, de poesi Christ. non a tertio post. Chr. nat. seculo, etc., deducenda.—Lubecae, 1754. 46. J. G. Baumann: De Hymnis et Hymnopoeis veteris et recentioris Ecclesiae. Bremen, 1765. 47a. Mart. Gerbert: De Cantu et Musica Sacra, a prima Ecclesiae aetate usque ad praesens tempus. 2 vols., 4to. St. Blaise, 1774. 47b. Mart. Gerbert: Scriptores Ecclesiastici de Musica Sacra, potessimum ex variis Italiae, Galliae et Germaniae Manuscriptis collecti, et nunc primum publicâ luce donati. 3 vols., 4to. St. Blaise, 1784. This product of unwearied research contains, inter alia, treatises by Alcuin, Notker Labeo, Odo of Cluny, Guido of Arezzo, Hermann the Lame, Engelbert of Admont. Martin Gerbert (1720-93) was prince-abbot of St. Blaise in the Black Forest. 48a. Faustino Arevalo: Hymnodia Hispanica ad Cantus Latinitatis, Metrique leges revocata et aucta; praemittitur Dissertatio de Hymnis ecclesiasticis eorumque correctione atque optima constitutione; Accedunt Appendix de festo conversionis Gothorum instituendo; Breviarii Quignoniani fata, etc. Rome, 1786. 48b. Faustino Arevalo: Poetate Christiani: Prudentius, Dracontius, Juvencus, et Sedulius. 5 vols., quarto. Rome, 1788-94. The former of these works has been much used by Neale and Daniel. 49. (Walraff:) Corolla Hymnorum sacrorum publicae devotioni inservientium. Veteres electi sed mendis quibus iteratis in editionibus scatebant detersi, strophis adaucti. Novi adsumpti, recentes primum inserti. Koeln, 1806. Taken chiefly from the Psalteriolum Cantionum of the Society of Jesus, of which the sixteenth edition had appeared in 1792 in the same city. 50. F. Münter: Ueber die älteste Christliche Poesie.—Kopenhagen, 1806. 51.* Anthologie christlicher Gesänge aus allen Jahrhunderten der Kirche nach der Zeitfolge geordnet und mit geschichtlichen Bemerkungen begleitet. Von Aug. Jak. Rambach. 6 vols. Altona, 1817-33. The first volume is occupied with the early and Middle Ages of the Church, especially the Latin Hymns, the texts being given with translations and notes. It merits the high praise Daniel gives it: studia praeclara Rambachii. S. W. D. 52. M. F. Jack: Psalmen und Gesänge, nebst den Hymnen der ältesten Kirche, uebersetzt. 2 vols. Freiburg, 1817. Other German-Catholic translators are George Witzel (1550), a Mönch of Hildesheim (1776), F. X. Jahn (1785), F. J. Weinzerl (1817 and 1821), J. Aigner (1825), Casper Ett (1837), A. A. Hnogek (1837), Deutschmann (1839), R. Lecke (1843), M. A. Nickel (1845), H. Bone (1847), J. Kehrein (1853), G. M. Pachtler (1853), H. Stadelmann (1855), a Priest of the diocese of Münster (1855), J. N. Stoeger (1857), Theodor Tilike (1862), G. M. Pachtler (1868), P. J. Belke (1869), and Fr. Hohmann (1872). Silbert, Zabuesnig, Simrock, and Schlosser are given in their proper places in this list. 53.* G. A. Bjorn: Hymni veterum poetarum Christianorum ecclesiae latinae selecti. Copenhagen, 1818. Bjorn was the Lutheran pastor of Vemmetofte, in Denmark. His selection is confined to the very early writers: Victorinus, Damasus, Ambrose and his school, Prudentius (the Kathemerinon), and Paulinus of Nola. He has a good introduction and notes. 54.* Adolf Ludewig Follen: Alte christliche Lieder und Kirchengesänge teutsch und lateinisch, nebst einem Anhange. Elberfeld, 1819. Chiefly hymns of the later Middle Ages or by the Jesuits. The author, who was a brother of Professor Follen of Harvard, ascribes the Dies Irae to Malabranca, 1278, Bishop of Ostia, and accepts the Requiescat a labore as a funeral hymn actually sung by Heloise and her nuns over Abelard. Other German-Protestant translators, besides those given in this list at their proper places, are H. Freyberg (1839), Ed. von Mildenstein (1854), H. von. Loeper (1869), H. F. Müller (1869), J. Linke (1884), and Jul. Thikotter (1888). 55. J. P. Silbert: Dom heiliger Sanger, oder fromme Gesänge der Vorzeit. Mit Vorrede von Fr. von Schlegel. Vienna and Prague, 1820. 56. F. J. Weinzerl: Hymni sacri ex pluribus Galliae diocesium Brevariis collecti. Augsburg, 1820. 57. Poetae ecclesiasticae Latini. 4 vols., in 12mo. Cambray, 1821-26. Embraces Fortunatus, Prudentius, Cherius, Tertullian, Cyprian, Juvencus, Sedulius, Belisarius, Liberius, Prosper, Arator, Lactantius, and Dracontius. 58.* Johann Christoph von Zabuesnig: Katholische Kirchengesänge in das Deutsche übertragen mit dem Latein zur Seite. 3 vols. Augsburg, 1822. A second edition, with a Preface by Carl Egger, Augsburg, 1830. The collection is a large one, made from fourteen breviaries, three missals, and other church-books and private collections, besides one manuscript antiphonary. Although a Catholic priest, Zabuesnig selects (from Christopher Corner, 1573) and translates hymns by Melanchthon and Camerarius. 59a. Gottl. Ch. Fr. Mohnike: Kirchen- und Literar-historische Studien und Mittheilungen. Stralsund, 1824. 59b. Gottl. Chr. Fr. Mohnike: Hymnologische Forschungen. 2 vols. Stralsund, 1831-32. 60.* Ludwig Buchegger: De Origine sacrae Christianorum Poeseos Commentatio. Freiburg, 1827. 61.* Sir Alexander Croke: An Essay on the Origin, Progress, and Decline of Rhyming Latin Verse; with many Specimens. Oxford, 1828. 62.* Jakob Grimm: Hymnorum veteris Ecclesiae XXVI Interpretatio Theotisca nunc primum edita. 4to, pp. 1830. Grimm’s “Habilitationsschrift” on entering on his professorship at Göttingen. It is from the manuscript presented in the seventeenth century by Francis Junius to the University of Oxford, which contains twenty-six hymns by Ambrose and his school, with a prose version in Old High German of the eighth or ninth century. Four of the hymns had never appeared in any previous collection. 63a. Rev. Isaac Williams: Thoughts in Past Years. London, 1831. A sixth edition in 1832. Contains twelve versions of Ambrosian and other primitive hymns. 63.* Hoffmann von Fallersleben: Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenliedes bis auf Luther’s Zeit. Hannover, 1832. Second edition, 1854; third edition, *1861. Shows the transition from Latin to German in popular use, and discusses the history of forty-five Latin hymns in this connection. 64. F. Martin: Specimens of Ancient Hymns of the Western Church, transcribed from an MS. in the University Library of Cambridge, with Appendix of other Ancient Hymns. Pp. 36, octavo. Norwich, 1835. Privately printed in fifty-six copies. 65.* J. C. F. Bähr: Die Christlichen Dichter und Geschichtschreiber Roms. Eine literärhistorische Uebersicht. Carlsruhe, 1836. New edition, 1872. 66a.* Rev. John Chandler: The Hymns of the Primitive Church, now first collected, translated, and arranged. London, 1837. Contains 108 Latin hymns with Chandler’s translation, several of which were adopted by the editors of Hymns Ancient and Modern. Mr. Chandler died, July 1st, 1876. 66b.* Bishop Richard Mant: Ancient Hymns from the Roman Breviary. London, 1837. New edition, 1871 (272 pages). Dr. Mant was Bishop of Down and Connor in the Irish Established Church, and died November 2d, 1848. He was an original Latin poet of some note, and a writer of English hymns. 67.* (J. H. Newman:) Hymni Ecclesiae. Pars I., e Breviario Parisiensi; Pars II., e Breviariis Romano, Sarisburiensi, Eboracensi et aliunde. Oxford, 1838. A new edition, London, 1865. This collection, sometimes known as the Oxford Hymns, was prepared by Cardinal Newman while he was still a presbyter of the Anglican Church, and exhibits everywhere his cultivated taste. Many of the hymns it includes are not to be found in other collections. This is especially true of the hymns from the Paris Breviary of 1736, which make up half the book. S. W. D. 68.* Rev. Isaac Williams: Hymns translated from the Paris Breviary. London, 1839. These translations had already appeared in The British Magazine about 1830. Mr. Williams takes rank next after Keble among the poets of the Tractarian movement. He died in 1865. 69.* Ioseph Kehrein: Lateinische Anthologie aus den christlichen Dichtern des Mittelalters. Für Gymnasien und Lyceen herausgegeben und mit Anmerkungen begleitet. Erster Theil. Die acht ersten christlichen Jahrhunderte. Frankfurt a. M., 1840. An anthology prepared with great labor and small judgment by a prosaic scholar. S. W. D. 70a.* Friedrich Gustav Lisco: Dies Irae, Hymnus auf das Weltgericht. Als Beitrag zur Hymnologie. Pp. 156. Great 4to. Berlin, 1840. 70b. Friedrich Gustav Lisco: Stabat Mater. Hymnus auf die Schmerzen Mariä. Nebst einem Nachtrage zu den Uebersetzungen des Hymnus Dies Irae. Zweiter Beitrag zur Hymnologie. Great 4to. Pp. 58. Berlin, 1843. 71.* (Professor Henry Mills:) The Hymn of Hildebert, and the Ode of Xavier, with English Versions. Auburn, 1840. 72.* Hermann Adalbert Daniel: Hymnologischer Blüthenstrauss aus dem Gebiete alt-lateinischer Kirchenpoesie. 12mo. Halle, 1840. Professor Daniel’s first appearance in a field in which he still is the highest authority. Besides his Thesaurus and this little precursor to it, and the dissertation mentioned below, he labored in German hymnology, editing an Evangelisches Kirchen-Gesangbuch in 1842, and Zinzendorf’s hymns in 1851. He also took part in the preparation of the standard German hymn-book of the Eisenach Conference, which is intended to put an end to the unlimited variety of hymn-books in the local churches of Germany. For Ersch and Gruber’s huge Encyclopädie, he wrote the article “Gesangbuch,” which is reprinted in his Zerstreute Blätter (Halle, 1840). And besides all this he published in 1847-53 a Codex Liturgicus Ecclesiae Universae, and was a leading authority in Pedagogics and in Geography. 73.* Ferdinand Wolf: Ueber die Lais, Sequenzen und Leiche. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Rhythmischen Formen und Singweisen der Volkslieder und der Volksmässigen Kirchen- und Kunstlieder im Mittelalter. Mit VIII Facsimiles und IX Musikbeilagen. Heidelberg, 1841. 74.* Hermann Adalbert Daniel: Thesaurus Hymnologicus sive hymnorum canticorum sequentiarum circa annum MD usitatarum collectio amplissima. Carmina collegit, apparatu critico ornavit, veterum interpretum notas selectas suasque adiecit. V Tomi. Leipzig, 1841-56. Still the chief text-book for the student of Latin hymnology. Vols. I. (1841) and IV. (1855) contain the Hymns. Vols. II. (1844) and V. (1856), the Sequences. Vol. III. (1846), Hymns of the Greek and Syrian Churches. To Vol. V. Dr. Neale contributes a Latin introduction on the nature of the Sequence. In the two last volumes Daniel uses freely and with acknowledgment the labors especially of Mone and Neale. The fifth volume contains also indices to all five volumes by first lines, and also a topical index. The worst defect of the book is the poorness of this latter. Next to that is its author’s very insufficient preparation for his work when he published his two first volumes; but that probably was unavoidable. Vols. IV. and V. show how much he had grown in his mastery of his field of labor. But his learning and his care give his book a place inferior to none. 75.* K. E. P. Wackernagel: Das Deutsche Kirchenlied von Martin Luther bis auf Nicolaus Herman und Ambrosius Blaurer. Stuttgart, 1841. Wackernagel’s first and shorter work. Recognizing in the Latin hymns the starting-point of German hymnology, he begins his book with thirty-seven pages of Latin hymns and sequences, taken mostly from Lossius and Rambach, with some from the Hymni et Collectae of 1585. 75b. A. D. Wackerbarth: Lyra Ecclesiastica: a Collection of Ancient and Godly Latin Hymns, with an English Translation. Two series. London, 1842-43. 76a.* Edélestand du Meril: Poesies populaires latines anterieures au douzième siècle. Paris, 1843. This book, like the similar work of Thomas Aldis Wright, contains the popular Latin poetry of the Middle Ages previous to the twelfth century. But it also contains the first part of the hymns of Abelard, and it is from this volume that Trench and March took their examples of his poetry. The later discovery of the entire hymnarium prepared for the Abbey of the Paraclete emphasizes the importance of De Meril’s researches. S. W. D. 76b. Edélestand du Meril: Poesies populaires latines du Moyen Age. Paris, 1847. A continuation of his first work of 1843. Both are used freely by Daniel in his later volumes and by Mone. 77.* Jacques Paul Migne: Patrologiae Cursus Completus, sive Bibliotheca Universalis, Integra, Uniformis, Commoda, Oeconomica omnium Patrum, Doctorum Scriptorumque Ecclesiasticorum qui ab Aevo Apostolico ad Innocentii III Tempora floruerunt. CCXXI Tomi Paris, 1844-55. New edition begun in 1878. For the Christian Poets, see the following volumes: Abelard, 168; Adam of St. Victor, 196; Alan of Lisle, 210; Ambrose, 16 and 17; Anselm of Canterbury, 158; Bede, 94; Bernard of Clairvaux, 184; Damasus, 13; Drepanius Florus, 61; Elpis, 63; Ennodius, 63; Eugenius, 87; Florus, 110: Venantius Fortunatus, 88; Fulbert, 141; Godeschalk, 141; Gregory the Great, ——; the Emperor Henry, 140; Heribert of Eichstetten, 141; Hilary, 10; Hildebert, 171; Hincmar, 125; Innocent III., 217; Isidore, 83; John Scotus Erigena, 122; Juvencus, 19; Claudianus Mamertus, 53; Marbod, 171; Notker, 131; Odo of Cluny, 142; Paulinus of Nola, 61; Peter Damiani, 145; Peter of Cluny, 189; Prudentius, 59; Rabanus Maurus, 112; Robert II, 141; Ratpert of St. Gall, 87; Coelius Sedulius, 19; Walafried Strabo, 114; Tutilo of St. Gall, 87; Paul Warnefried, 95. Anonymous poems as follows: IId and IIId centuries, 2; IVth century, 7; Vth century, 61; VIIth century, 87; IXth century, 98; XIth century, 151; XIIth century, 190. 78.* C. Fortlage: Gesänge Christl. Vorzeit. Auswahl der vorzüglichsten aus den Griechischen und Lateinischen übersetzt. Berlin, 1844. 78a.* (John Williams): Ancient Hymns of Holy Church. Pp. 128, 12mo. Hartford, 1845. Contains original translations of forty Latin hymns, mostly Ambrosian and other early hymns in the abbreviated versions of the Roman Breviary. Twenty-two of Isaac Williams’s translations of hymns from the Paris Breviary are appended. The author was at the time rector of St. George’s church in Schenectady, and in 1851 became bishop of Connecticut. 79.* K. I. Simrock: Lauda Syon, altchristliche Kirchenlieder und geistliche Gedichte, lateinisch und deutsch. Köln, 1846. A second edition in 1868. One of the most eminent Germanists, and an extremely felicitous translator (1802-76). 80.* G. A. Königsfeld: Lateinische Hymnen und Gesänge aus dem Mittelalter, deutsch, unter Beibehaltung der Versmasse. Nebst Einleitung und Anmerkungen; unter brieflicher Bemerkungen und Uebersetzungen von A. W. Schlegel. Bonn, 1847. An admirably done piece of work. Specimens from twenty-five authors, with twenty anonymous hymns chiefly of the Jesuit school. A second series in 1865. 81.* Richard Chenevix Trench: Sacred Latin Poetry. London, 1849. Second edition, 1864; third edition, 1878. Archbishop Trench’s little book has had a wide popularity, and many persons have been induced by it to take a deeper interest in the subject. But it is disfigured by its arrangement, which excludes everything that cannot be safely employed by Protestants. Lines are omitted from Hildebert; the Stabat Mater of Jacoponus is absent, and the Pange lingua of Aquinas is also missing. Moreover the notes, which have been easily prepared from Latin sources, are scarcely satisfactory. Yet, take it for all in all, it is a volume that may be highly commended, for the archbishop is a poet, and has a poet’s appreciation of the beautiful. We are indebted to him for hymns from Marbod, Mauburn, W. Alard, Balde, Pistor, and Alan of Lisle, which are not readily found. S. W. D. There is much in the recent biography of Archbishop Trench which is of interest to hymnologists, especially his correspondence with Dr. Neale. 82a.* Edward Caswall: Lyra Catholica: containing all the Hymns of the Roman Breviary and Missal, with others from various Sources. London, 1849; New York, 1851. New edition, London, 1884. Mr. Caswall was one of the clergymen who left the Church of England for the Roman communion with Dr. Newman. Some of his translations, especially of Bernard of Clairvaux, are among the most felicitous in the language. The American edition has an Appendix of “Hymns, Anthems, etc., appropriate to particular occasions of devotion.” It is this edition which has been abridged in the first volume of the Hymns of the Ages (1858). 82b. J. R. Beste: Church Hymns in English, that may be sung to the old church music. With approbation. London, 1849. 83.* D. Ozanam: Documents inedits pour servir a l’Histoire litteraire de l’Italie depuis le VIIIe Siecle jusq’au XIIIe. Paris, 1850. Pages 221-57 is an account of a collection of two hundred and forty-three Latin hymns found in a Vatican manuscript, which he assigns to the ninth century, and to the Benedictines of Central Italy. He prints those not found in Daniel. Reprinted in Migne’s Patrologia: 151; 813ff. 84. Hymnale secundum Usum insignis et praeclarae Ecclesiae Sarisburiensis. Littlemore, 1850. 85.* Hymnarium Sarisburense, cum Rubricis et Notis Musicis. Variae inseruntur lectiones Codicum MSS. Anglicorum, cum iis quae a Geo. Cassandro, J. Clichtoveo, J. M. Thomasio, H. A. Daniel, e Codd. Germanis, Gallicis, Italis, erutae sunt. Accedunt etiam Hymni et Rubricae e Libris secundum usus Ecclesiarum Cantuariensis, Eboracensis, Wigornensis, Herefordensis, Gloucestrensis, aliisque Codd. MSS. Anglicanis excerpti. Pars prima. London and Cambridge, 1851. Gives hymns and various readings from twenty-six English manuscripts. 86.* Joseph Stevenson: Latin Hymns of the Anglo-Saxon Church; with an Interlinear Anglo-Saxon Gloss, from a Manuscript of the Eleventh Century in Durham Library. Edited for the Surtees Society. London and Durham, 1851. Of some value as showing what hymns were used in the early English Church, before the Norman Conquest. The gloss is not Northumbrian, as might be supposed from its being found in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of Durham, but West-Saxon, probably from Winchester. 86b. Boetticher: Hymns of the old Catholic Church of England. Halle, 1851. 87.* Joh. F. H. Schlosser: Die Kirche in ihren Liedern durch all Jahrhunderte. 2 vols. Mainz, 1851-52. Second edition. Freiburg, 1863. Translations without texts, but some valuable notes, especially to later hymns. The first volume is devoted to the Latin hymns, and contains the beautiful fragment of a lost sequence which Schlosser heard from his brother in 1812. It represents the Apostle Paul weeping over the grave of Virgil at Puteoli: