- Habitations of plants described, [614].
- Hales, Dr., on epoch of the creation, [659].
- Hall, Sir J., his experiments on rocks, [51].
- ——, Captain B., on flood in valley of Bagnes, [211].
- ——, on the trade-winds, [295].
- ——, on temple of Serapis, [512].
- ——, Mr., State Geologist of New York, [216], [218].
- ——, Mr. J., on temple of Serapis, [512].
- Hamilton, Mr. W. J., on volcanoes near Smyrna, [355].
- ——, Sir W., on Herculaneum, [389].
- ——, on earthquake in Calabria, [473], 483, [485].
- ——, Sir W., on formation of Monte Nuovo, [367].
- ——, on eruption of Vesuvius in 1779, [377].
- Hamilton, Sir C., on submerged houses in Port Royal, [504].
- Hampshire, Brander on fossils of, [44].
- ——, submarine forest on coast of, [746].
- Harcourt, Rev. W. V. V., on bones of mammoth, &c., in Yorkshire, [76].
- Harris, Hon. C., on sunk vessel near Poole, [758].
- ——, on submarine forest, Hampshire, [746].
- Hartmann, Dr., on fossils of Hartz, [48].
- Hartz mountains, [48].
- Harwich, waste of cliffs at, [811].
- Hatfleld moss, trees found in, [721].
- Head, Sir Edmund, on temple of Serapis, [512].
- Heat, laws which govern the diffusion of, [93].
- Heat, whether gradual decline of, in globe, [129].
- ——, expansion of rocks by, [561].
- Heber, Bishop, on animals of Himalaya, [81].
- Hecla, columnar basalt of, [48].
- ——, eruptions of, [424].
- Helena, St, bounded by lofty shores, [622].
- Heligoland, inroads of sea on, [329].
- Helix, range of species of, [650].
- Henderson on eruption of Skaptar Jokul, 1783, [425].
- Henderson's Island described, [788].
- Henslow, Rev. Prof., on the cowslip, [590].
- ——, on diffusion of plants, [624].
- Herbert, Hon. Mr., on varieties and hybrids in plants, [590], [605].
- Herculaneum, [385], [389].
- Herne Bay, waste of cliffs in, [312].
- Herodotus cited, [8], [261].
- Herschel, Sir J. F. W, on varying heat received
- by the two hemispheres, [100].
- ——, on astronomical causes of changes in climate, [126].
- ——, on variable splendor of stars, [128].
- ——, on the trade-winds, [297].
- ——, on height of Etna, [396].
- ——, on form of the earth, [534].
- ——, on Geysers of Iceland, [555].
- ——, on the effects of heat on seeds, [621].
- ——, on the author's theory of climate, [92].
- Herschel, Sir W., on the elementary matter of the earth, [533].
- Hewett, Capt, on rise of tides, [291].
- ——, on currents, [293].
- ——, on banks in North Sea, [308], [340].
- Hibbert, Dr., on the Shetland Islands, [299], [300].
- Hilaire, M. Geof. St., on animal kingdom, [567].
- Himalaya mountains, animals inhabiting the, [81].
- ——, height of perpetual snow on, [112].
- Hindoo cosmogony, [4].
- ——, town buried, [731].
- Hindostan, earthquakes in, [494].
- Hippopotamus indicates warmth of river, [75].
- Hitchcock, Report on Geol. of Massachusetts, [137].
- Hoff, Von, on level of Caspian, [18].
- ——, on encroachments of sea, [331], [332].
- ——, on earthquakes, [359].
- ——, on human remains in delta of Ganges, [757].
- ——, on a buried vessel, [758].
- Hoffmann, M., on lavas of Vesuvius, [379].
- ——, on Etna, [415], [416].
- Holland, gradual sinking of coast, [327].
- ——, inroads of sea in, [328].
- ——, submarine peat in, [770].
- Hooke on duration of species, [27], [28].
- ——, on earthquakes, [27], 29, [503].
- Hooker, Dr. J., on Icebergs in antarctic seas, [229].
- ——, on tropical plants, [614].
- ——, floras of islands in Southern Ocean, [615].
- ——, on flora of Galapagos Islands, [616].
- ——, on wide range of certain plants, [618], 621, [623].
- ——, on delta of Ganges, [280].
- ——, on rain in India, [200].
- Hocker, Sir W., on eruption of Skaptar Jokul, [425].
- ——, his view of the crater of the great Geyser, [554].
- ——, on drifting of a fox on ice, [680].
- Hopkins, Mr., on glacier motion, [224], [225].
- ——, on thickness of earth's crust, [536].
- Hopkins, Mr., on astronomical causes of change of climate, [128].
- ——, on changes of climate, [93].
- ——, on earthquakes, [453].
- ——, on M. E. de Beaumont's theory of mountain chains, [170].
- Hordwell, loss of land at, [318].
- Horner, Mr., on brine springs, [247].
- ——, on submarine forest in Somersetshire, [323].
- ——, dissertation on coal, [91].
- Horsburgh, Capt, on icebergs in low latitudes, [99].
- Horsburgh on coral islands, [782], [787].
- Horses drowned in rivers in South America, [750].
- Horsfield, Dr., on earthquakes in Java, [471], [494].
- ——, on distribution of Mydaus meliceps in Java, [639].
- Hubbard, Prof., cited, [210].
- Huc, on Yaks frozen in ice in Thibet, [85].
- Human race geologically modern, [660].
- Human remains in peat mosses, [722].
- ——, in caves, [735], 736, [739].
- ——, their durability, [147], [757].
- ——, in delta of Ganges, [757].
- ——, in calcareous rock at Guadaloupe, [757].
- ——, in breccias in the Morea, [735].
- Humber, warp of the, [288].
- ——, encroachment of sea in its estuary, 304
- Humboldt on laws regulating diffusion of heat, [93].
- ——, on preservation of animals in frozen mud, [85].
- ——, on distribution of land and sea, [109].
- ——, on transportation of sediment by currents, [342].
- ——, his definition of volcanic action, [345].
- ——, on mud eruptions in the Andes, [348].
- ——, on volcanic eruptions in Tartary, [355].
- ——, on eruption of Jorullo, [428].
- ——, on earthquakes, [466], [470].
- ——, on distribution of species, [613], [614].
- ——, on migrations of animals, [644], 656, [685].
- ——, cited, [8], 77, [84].
- ——, on earthquake in New Madrid, [466].
- ——, on earthquake of Lisbon, [495].
- ——, on mud volcanoes, [448].
- Humboldt, W. von, on dawn of oriental civilization, [659].
- Humming-birds, distribution, &c., [97], [643].
- Hunter, John, on mule animals, [601].
- Huron, Lake, recent strata of, [768].
- Hurricanes connected with earthquakes, [731].
- ——, plants drifted to sea by, [745].
- Hurst Castle shingle bank, [318].
- Hutchinson, John, his "Moses's Principia," [33].
- Hutton, distinguished geology from cosmogony, [3].
- ——, on igneous rocks and granite, [51].
- ——, represented oldest rock as derivatives, [52].
- Huttonian theory, [51], [57].
- Hybrid races, Lamarck on, [572].
- ——, animals, [600].
- ——, plants, [602].
- Hydrogen, deoxidating power of, [547].
- ——, flame of; seen in eruption of Vesuvius, [378].
- ——, why not found in a separate form among volcanic gases, [548].
- Hydrophytes, distribution of, [617], [623].
- Hydrostatic pressure of ascending lava, [416], [553].
- Hypogene rocks, [178].
- Hyracotherium, Eocene mammifer, [142].
- Hythe, encroachments of sea at, [316].
I.
- Ianthina fragilis, its range, &c., [650].
- Ice, animals imbedded in, [83].
- Ice of rivers, transporting power of, [219].
- ——, drift, influence of, on temperature, [95].
- ——, predominance of, in antarctic circle, [98].
- ——, formation of field, [107].
- ——, transportation of rocks by, [155], 219, [521].
- Icebergs, formation of, [96], [97].
- ——, distance to which they float, [100], [227].
- ——, limits of glaciers and, [228].
- ——, plants and animals transported by, [622], [639].
- ——, action of, when stranded, [228].
- ——, rocks transported by. See Ice.
- ——, floating in Northern hemisphere, [86].
- ——, not all formed by glaciers, [228].
- Iceland, icebergs stranded on, [97].
- ——, geysers of, [246], 553, [555].
- Iceland, volcanic eruptions in, [424].
- ——, comparison between the lavas of Central France and, [426].
- ——, new island near, [425].
- ——, polar bear drifted to, [679].
- Igneous action. See Volcanic.
- Igneous causes. See Book II.
- ——, the antagonist power to action of running water, [198], 563, [711].
- Ilford, tertiary strata at, [76].
- Imbedding of organic remains. See Fossilization.
- India, buried cities in, [729], [731].
- ——, terrestrial mammalia of, [632].
- Indo-pacific province of mollusca, [649].
- Indus, delta of. recent changes in, [459], [769].
- ——, buried ships in, [758].
- Infusoria in bog iron-ore, [722].
- ——, in volcanic rocks in Mexico, Peru, &c., [388].
- Infusorial tuff, Pompeii, [388].
- Inland cliffs, no proof of sudden elevation, [531].
- ——, seas, deltas of, [255].
- Insects, geographical distribution of, [654].
- ——, certain types of, distinguish particular countries, [655].
- ——, their agency in preserving an equilibrium of species, [671].
- ——, fossil, [748].
- Instincts, migratory, occasional development of, in animals, [642].
- ——, hereditary, [593], [596].
- ——, modified by domestication, [595].
- Insular climates, description of, [94].
- Inverness-shire, inroads of sea on coast of, [302].
- Irawadi, R., silicified wood of, noticed in 1692, [28].
- Ireland, raised beaches on coast of, [122].
- ——, reptiles of, [645].
- ——, peat of, and fossils in, [719], 720, 724
- ——, deposits in progress off coast of, [774].
- Iron, melting point of, [539].
- ——, in wood, peat, &c., [722].
- ——, instruments taken up from sea, [760].
- Ischia, hot springs of, [247], [456].
- ——, eruptions and earthquakes in, [360], 365, [456].
- Islands, vegetation of small, [112], 615, [667].
- ——, animals in, [635].
- ——, formed by the Ganges, [276].
- ——, migrations of plants aided by, [622].
- ——, new volcanic, [43], 425, [432], [468].
- ——, coral, [775].
- ——, of driftwood, [640].
- Isle of Purbeck, vertical chalk in, [318].
- Isle of Wight, mammiferous fossils of, [142].
- ——, waste of its shores, [317].
- Isothermal lines, Humboldt on, [95].
- Italian geologists, their priority, [19], [23].
- ——, of the 18th century, [33].
- Italy, tertiary strata of, [64], [74].
J.
- Jack, Dr., on island of Pulo Nias, [794].
- Jamaica, earthquakes in, [350], 504, [517].
- ——, subsidence in, [504], [517].
- ——, rain diminished in, by felling of forests, [713].
- ——, a town swept away by sea in, [731].
- Java, volcanoes and earthquakes in, [354], 464, [498], [502].
- ——, valley of poison in, [353].
- ——, subsidence of volcano of Papandayang in, [493].
- ——, river-floods in, [503], 748, [751].
- Jones, Sir W., on Institutes of Hindoo law, [5].
- Jorullo, eruption of, [349], [428].
- Juan Fernandez, [357], 453, [499], [686].
- Jukes, Mr., on cliffs in Island of Timor, [794].
- ——, on volcanic islands near Java, [354].
- ——, on coral reef, [784].
- Jura, Saussure on the, [45].
- Jutland, inroads of sea in, [330].
K.
- Kamtschatka, volcanoes in, [353].
- ——, new island near, [468].
- Kangaroo, extirpation of; to Australia, [684].
- Kashmir. See Cashmere.
- Katavothrons of Greece, breccias formed in, [734].
- Kazwini on changes in position of land and sea, [19].
- Keilhan, Prof., of Christiana, on changes of level in Norway, [529], [531].
- Keith on dispersion of plants, [620].
- Kent, loss of land on coast of, [312].
- Kentucky, caves in limestone, [733].
- Keyserling, Count, on lowland of Siberia, [84].
- Kincardineshire, village in, washed away by sea, [302].
- King, Captain P., on humming birds in Tierra del Fuego, [97], [643].
- ——, on currents in Straits of Magellan, [293].
- ——, on coral reefs, [788].
- King, Mr., on cattle lost in bogs in Ireland, [723].
- ——, on submerged cannon, [759].
- Kinnordy, Loch of, insects in marl in, [748].
- ——, canoe in peat of, [759].
- Kirby, Rev. Mr., on insects, [606], 655, [673], [674].
- Kirwan, his geological Essays, [56].
- ——, on connection of geology and religion, [56].
- Knight, Mr., on varieties of fruit trees, [589].
- König, Mr., on Guadaloupe human skeleton, [757].
- ——, on fossils from Melville Island, [88].
- Koran, cosmogony of the, [17].
- Kotzebue on drifted canoe, [662].
- Kunker, concretionary limestone of Ganges, [280].
- Kurile Isles, active volcanoes in, [353].
L.
- Labrador, drift-timber of, [745].
- ——, rocks drifted by ice on coast of, [230].
- Laccadive Islands, [782].
- Lagoons, or salt lakes, in delta of Rhone, [259].
- ——, of coral islands, [780].
- Lagullas current, [95].
- Lagunes on coast of Adriatic, [256].
- Lake Erie. See Erie, Lake.
- ——, of Geneva. See Geneva, Lake of.
- ——, Maeler, [524], [528].
- ——, Superior. See Superior, Lake.
- Lakes, filling up of [252].
- ——, formation of; in basin of Mississippi, [466], [269].
- ——, formed by earthquakes, [466], 481, [505].
- ——, crescent-shaped, in plain of Mississippi, [266].
- ——, Canadian, strata forming in, [768].
- Lamarck, his definition of species, [567].
- ——, on transmutation of species, [567], 587, [696], [699].
- ——, on conversion of orang into man, [575].
- ——, on numbers of polyps, [706].
- Lancashire, fossil canoes in, [759].
- Lancerote, eruptions in, [436], [439].
- Land, quantity of, in northern and southern hemispheres, [102], 109, [110].
- ——, upraised at successive periods, [118], [119].
- ——, proofs of existence of, at all periods, [188].
- ——, proportion of sea and, [124].
- ——, elevation of, how caused, [171], 453, [457], 459, [562].
- Landslips, [319], 321, [485], [505].
- ——, imbedding of organic remains by, [732].
- Languedoc, deposits on coast of, [260].
- Laplace on change in the earth's axis, [32].
- ——, on mean depth of Atlantic and Pacific, [104].
- ——, on no contraction of globe, [129].
- ——, on mean density of the earth, [536].
- Lapland, why milder than Greenland, [94].
- ——, migrations of animals in, [637].
- Lateral pressure caused by landslips, [322].
- ——, pressure in Andes and Alps, [171].
- Latham, Dr. R. G., on Natural History of Man, [609].
- Lauder, Sir T. D., on floods in Scotland, [208], 686, [730], [748].
- Lava excavated by rivers, [213].
- ——, effects of decomposition on, [385].
- ——, flowing of, under water, [383].
- ——, hydrostatic pressure of ascending, [552].
- ——, of Iceland and Central France, [426], [427].
- ——, comparative volume of ancient and modern, [161], [427].
- ——, pretended distinction between ancient and modern, [438].
- ——, mineral composition of, [449], [551].
- ——, rate of flowing, [378], [400].
- Lazzaro Moro, See Moro.
- Lehman, treatise of, 1759, [40].
- Leibnitz, theory of, [26].
- Leidy, Dr., on Priscodelphinus, [145].
- Lemings, migrations of, [637].
- Lena, R., fossil bones on banks of, [78], [80].
- Leonardo da Vinci, [19].
- Lewes, human bones in tumulus near, [739].
- ——, estuary recently filled up near, [748], [768].
- Liege, caves near, [737].
- Light, influence of, on plants, [89].
- Lightning, effect of, in Shetland Islands, [299].
- Lignite, conversion of wood into, [759].
- Lima destroyed by earthquake, [501].
- ——, elevated recent marine strata at, [502].
- Lime, whence derived, [796].
- Lincolnshire, inroads of sea on coast of, [304].
- Lindley, Dr., on fossil plants of Melville Islands, [88].
- ——, on number of plants, [705].
- ——, on dispersion of plants, [620].
- ——, on fossil plants of coal, [88], [133].
- ——, cited, [133].
- Linnæus on filling up of Gulf of Bothnia, [521].
- ——, on subsidence of Scania, [530].
- ——, on constancy of species, [568].
- ——, on real existence of genera, [578].
- ——, on diffusion of plants, [624], [626].
- ——, on introduction of species, [665].
- ——, cited, [671].
- Lionnesse tradition in Cornwall, [324].
- Lippi on Herculaneum and Pompeii, [387].
- Lipsius, [12].
- Lisbon, earthquakes at, [358], [495].
- Lister, first proposed geological maps, [26].
- ——, on fossil shells, [26].
- Lloyd, Mr., on levels of Atlantic and Pacific, [294].
- Loa, Mount, volcano of Sandwich Isles, [552].
- Locusts, devastations of, [674].
- ——, bank formed in sea by, [675].
- Loess of the Rhine, [185].
- ——, of the Mississippi valley, [265].
- Loire, tertiary strata of the, [142].
London, artesian wells near, [234].- London basin, tertiary deposits of, [121].
- ——, clay, its fossils, [142], [144].
- Lowestoff Ness described, [309].
- ——, cliffs undermined near, [309].
- Lowland of Siberia, [78], 80, [83], [85].
- Luckipour, on the Ganges, [276], [277].
- ——, new islands formed near, [276].
- Luckput, subsidence near, [460].
- Lund, Dr., on fossil quadrumana, [144].
- Lybian sands, caravans overwhelmed by, [727].
- Lyme Regis, waste of cliffs at, [321].
- Lym-Fiord, breaches made by the sea in, [330].
M.