[Introduction].

Page
1. [The Theatre]1–6
1. [Ancient Arabia] 1
2. [The first Caliphs. Medina. The Shiʻites] 2
3. [The Omayyads. Damascus, Basra and Kufa] 3
4. [The Abbasids. Bagdad] 3
5. [Minor States. Fall of the Caliphate] 5
2. [Oriental Wisdom]6–11
1. [Semitic Speculation] 6
2. [Persian Religion. Zrwanism] 8
3. [Indian Wisdom] 8
3. [Greek Science] 11–30
1. [The Syrians] 11
2. [The Christian Churches] 11
3. [Edessa and Nisibis] 12
4. [Harran] 13
5. [Gondeshapur] 14
6. [Syriac Translations] 14
7. [Philosophy among the Syrians] 16
8. [Arabic Translations] 17
9. [The Philosophy of the Translators] 19
10. [Range of Tradition] 21
11. [Continuation of Neo-Platonism] 22
12. [The “Book of the Apple”] 24
13. [The “Theology of Aristotle”] 25
14. [Conception of Aristotle] 27
15. [Philosophy in Islam] 28

[[X]]

CHAPTER II.

[Philosophy and Arab Knowledge].

1. [Grammatical Science]31–35
1. [The several Sciences] 31
2. [The Arabic Language. The Koran] 31
3. [The Grammarians of Basra and Kufa] 32
4. [Grammar influenced by Logic. Metrical Studies] 33
5. [Grammatical Science and Philosophy] 35
2. [Ethical Teaching]36–41
1. [Tradition and Individual Opinion (Sunna, Hadith, Raʼy)] 36
2. [Analogy (Qiyas). Consensus of the Congregation (Idjma)] 37
3. [Position and Contents of the Muslim Ethical System (al-Fiqh)] 38
4. [Ethics and Politics] 40
3. [Doctrinal Systems]41–64
1. [Christian Dogmatic] 41
2. [The Kalam] 42
3. [The Mutazilites and their Opponents] 43
4. [Human and Divine Action] 44
5. [The Being of God] 46
6. [Revelation and Reason] 48
7. [Abu-l-Hudhail] 49
8. [Nazzam] 51
9. [Djahiz] 53
10. [Muammar and Abu Hashim] 54
11. [Ashari] 55
12. [The Atomistic Kalam] 57
13. [Mysticism or Sufism] 62
4. [Literature and History] 65–71
1. [Literature] 65
2. [Abu-l-Atahia. Mutanabbi. Abu-l-Ala. Hariri] 65
3. [Annalistic. Historical Tradition] 67
4. [Masudi and Muqaddasi] 69

CHAPTER III.

[The Pythagorean Philosophy].

1. [Natural Philosophy][[XI]]72–80
1. [The Sources] 72
2. [Mathematical Studies] 73
3. [Natural Science] 75
4. [Medicine] 76
5. [Razi] 77
6. [The Dahrites] 80
2. [The Faithful Brethren of Basra] 81–96
1. [The Karmatites] 81
2. [The Brethren and their Encyclopaedia] 82
3. [Eclecticism] 84
4. [Knowledge] 85
5. [Mathematics] 87
6. [Logic] 89
7. [God and the World] 90
8. [The Human Soul] 92
9. [Philosophy of Religion] 93
10. [Ethics] 94
11. [Influence of the Encyclopaedia] 95

CHAPTER IV.