[The Neo-Platonic Aristotelians of The East].

1. [Kindi]97–106
1. [His Life] 97
2. [Relation to Theology] 99
3. [Mathematics] 100
4. [God; World; Soul] 101
5. [Doctrine of the Spirit (ʻaql)] 102
6. [Kindi as an Aristotelian] 104
7. [The School of Kindi] 105
2. [Farabi]106–128
1. [The Logicians] 106
2. [Farabi’s Life] 107
3. [Relation to Plato and Aristotle] 108
4. [Farabi’s Conception of Philosophy] 110
5. [His Logic] 111
6. [His Metaphysics. Being. God] 114
7. [The Celestial World] 115
8. [The Terrestrial World] 117
9. [The Human Soul] 118
10. [The Spirit in Man] 119
11. [Farabi’s Ethics] 121
12. [His Politics] 122
13. [The Future Life] 123
14. [General Survey of Farabi’s System] 124
15. [Effects of his Philosophy. Sidjistani] 126
3. [Ibn Maskawaih][[XII]]128–131
1. [His Position] 128
2. [The Nature of the Soul] 128
3. [The Principles of his Ethics] 129
4. [Ibn Sina (Avicenna)]131–148
1. [His Life] 131
2. [His Work] 132
3. [Branches of Philosophy. Logic] 134
4. [Metaphysics and Physics] 135
5. [Anthropology and Psychology] 139
6. [The Reason] 141
7. [Allegorical Representation of the Doctrine of the Reason] 143
8. [Esoteric Teaching] 144
9. [Ibn Sina’s Time. Beruni] 145
10. [Behmenyar] 146
11. [Survival of Ibn Sina’s Influence] 147
5. [Ibn al-Haitham (Alhazen)] 148–153
1. [Scientific Movement turning Westward] 148
2. [Ibn al-Haitham’s Life and Works] 149
3. [Perception and Judgment] 150
4. [Slender effect left by his Teaching] 152

CHAPTER V.

[The Outcome of Philosophy in The East].

1. [Gazali]154–168
1. [Dialectic and Mysticism] 154
2. [Gazali’s Life] 155
3. [Attitude towards his Time: Hostility to Aristotelianism] 158
4. [The World as the Production of God’s Free Creative Might] 159
5. [God and Divine Providence] 162
6. [Doctrine of the Resurrection] 163
7. [Gazali’s Theology] 164
8. [Experience and Revelation] 166
9. [Estimate of Gazali’s Position and Teaching] 168
2. [The Epitomists] 169–171
1. [Position of Philosophy in the East, after Gazali’s Time] 169
2. [Philosophical Culture] 170

CHAPTER VI.

[Philosophy in The West].

1. [Beginnings][[XIII]]172–175
1. [The Age of the Omayyads] 172
2. [The Eleventh Century] 174
2. [Ibn Baddja (Avempace)]175–181
1. [The Almoravids] 175
2. [Ibn Baddja’s Life] 176
3. [The Character of his Works] 177
4. [His Logic and Metaphysics] 177
5. [His Opinions regarding Soul and Spirit] 178
6. [The Individual Man] 179
3. [Ibn Tofail (Abubacer)]181–187
1. [The Almohads] 181
2. [Ibn Tofail’s Life] 182
3. [“Hai ibn Yaqzan”] 182
4. [“Hai” and the Development of Humanity] 184
5. [“Hai’s” Ethics] 185
4. [Ibn Roshd (Averroes)] 187–199
1. [His Life] 187
2. [Ibn Roshd and Aristotle] 188
3. [Logic. Attainability of Truth] 189
4. [The World and God] 191
5. [Body and Spirit] 193
6. [Spirit and Spirits] 194
7. [Estimate of Ibn Roshd as a Thinker] 196
8. [Summary of his Views on the Relations of Theology, Religion and Philosophy to oneanother. Practical Philosophy] 197

CHAPTER VII.

[Conclusion].