[119]. Th. Flournoy, Des phénomènes de Synopsie (1893), p. 20.
[120]. Suarez de Mendoza, L’audition colorée (1890), pp. 58, 59.
[121]. Leçons cliniques sur l’hystérie et l’hypnotisme, vol. ii., lecture 39. Here will be found the historical part of the subject (Braid, Chambard, Féré) and the personal observations of the author.
[122]. Sommer (Zeitschrift für Psychologie, vol. ii.) reports an observation on an aphasic patient, which admits of an analogous interpretation.
[123]. Among the causes which have given some impulse to the psychology of the feelings during the last half of this century, Ladd (Psychology, Descriptive and Explanatory, pp. 163, 164) mentions: (1) the theory of evolution, because the affective phenomena are fundamental and permanent, and men differ from one another far less in their appetites, emotions, and passions than in their ideas and thoughts; and because this doctrine affirms that, underlying the highest forms of feeling, there is always some instinctive tendency; and (2) the literary and artistic movement which began with J. J. Rousseau, and asserts itself more and more in the Wagnerian music and the modern novel, and which should invite psychologists to attempt its analysis. It would be well to add the contemporary sociological studies which have shown the important part played by emotional elements, simple or complex, deliberately eliminated by the economists from their theories of social organisation.
[124]. For further details, see my Hérédité psychologique, Bk. I. chap. v. and Bk. III. chap. iii. Bain has discussed the question at great length from the strictly psychological point of view (The Emotions, chap. ii.). He inclines to a “probability” of transmission in certain cases.
[125]. The discussion is to be found in his Civilisation in England (vol. i., chap. iv.). It may be summed up in the very questionable sentence quoted by him from Cuvier, “Le bien qu’on fait aux hommes, quelque grand qu’il soit, est toujours passager; les vérités qu’on leur laisse sont éternelles.” He thus counts for nothing the institutions which have arisen from an original effort, a new growth of moral sentiment. The saying is a purely academic aphorism.
[126]. Höffding, Psychologie (4th edit., German translation, 1893), pp. 411-412, where this point is briefly but ably treated.
[127]. James, Psychology, ii. pp. 403-440.
[128]. Brugia, Patologia della cenestesia (1893).