36. Sasaki, Recorded Sayings of Lin-chi. p. 29.

37. Ibid., p. 24.

38. Ibid., p. 38.

12. TUNG-SHAN AND TSAO-SHAN: FOUNDERS OF SOTO ZEN

1. Philip Yampolsky, in Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, alleges that Hsing-ssu was resurrected from anonymity because Shih-t'ou (700-90) was in need of a connection to the Sixth Patriarch. The mysterious master Hsing-ssu comes into prominence well over a hundred years after his death; his actual life was not chronicled by any of his contemporaries. Neither, for that matter, was the life of his pupil Shih-t'ou, although the latter left a heritage of disciples and a burgeoning movement to perpetuate his memory.

2. Ibid., p. 55.

3. The stories attached to Shih-t'ou are varied and questioned by most authorities. For example, there is the story that he was enlightened by reading Seng-chau's Chao-Jun (The Book of Chao) but that his philosophy came from Lao Tzu.

4. See Chang Chung-yuan, Original Teachings of Ch'an Buddhism, p. 58.

5. Wu, Golden Age of Zen, p. 171.