1 Magical incantation. 2 I have invoked thee, O Sun, in the midst of the high heavens. 3 Thou art in the shadow of the cedar, and 4 thy feet rest on the summits. 5 The countries have called thee eagerly, they have directed their looks toward thee, O Friend; 6 thy brilliant light illuminates every land, 7 overthrowing all that impedes thee, assemble the countries, 8 for thou, O Sun, knowest their boundaries. 9 Thou who annihilatest falsehood, who dissipatest the evil influence 10 of wonders, omens, sorceries, dreams, evil apparitions, 11 who turnest to a happy issue malicious designs, who annihilatest men and countries 12 that devote themselves to fatal sorceries, I have taken refuge in thy presence. 13 …[1] 14 Do not allow those who make spells, and are hardened, to arise; 15 Frighten their heart…[2] 16 Settle also, O Sun, light of the great gods. 17 Right into my marrow, O Lords of breath, that I may rejoice, even I. 18 May the gods who have created me take my hands! 19 Direct the breath of my mouth! my hands 20 direct them also, Lord, light of the legions of the heavens, Sun, O Judge! 21 The day, the month, the year…[2] 22 …[2] conjure the spell! 23 …[2] deliver from the infirmity!
[Footnote 1: Here I am obliged to omit a line, which I cannot yet make out.]
[Footnote 2: Lacunæ.]
TWO ACCADIAN HYMNS
TRANSLATED BY REV. A.H. SAYCE, M.A.
The two following hymns, both of which are unfortunately mutilated, are interesting from their subject-matter. The first is addressed to the sun-god Tammuz, the husband of Istar, slain by the boar's tusk of winter, and sought by the goddess in the underground world. It is this visit which is described in the mythological poem known as the "Descent of Istar into Hades" ("Records of the Past," Vol. I, p. 143). The myth of Tammuz and Istar passed, through the Phoenicians, to the Greeks, among whom Adonis and Aphrodite represent the personages of the ancient Accadian legend. Tammuz is referred to in Ezek. viii. 14. (See "Records of the Past," Vol. IX, p. 147.) The second hymn treats of the world-mountain, the Atlas of the Greeks, which supports the heaven with its stars, and is rooted in Hades. Under its other name, "Kharsak-kurra," or "Mountain of the East," it was identified with the present Mount Elwend, and was regarded as the spot where the ark had rested, and where the gods had their seat. A reference is made to it in Isa. xiv. 13. Both hymns illustrate the imagery and metaphor out of which grew the mythology of primeval Babylonia, and offer curious parallels to the Aryan hymns of the Rig-Veda. The cuneiform texts are lithographed in the "Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia," Vol. IV, 27, I, 2.
TWO ACCADIAN HYMNS
I
1 O shepherd,[1] Lord Tammuz, Bridegroom[2] of Istar! 2 Lord of Hades, Lord of Tul-Sukhba! 3 Understanding one, who among the papyri the water drinks not! 4 His brood in the desert, even the reed, he created not.[3] 5 Its bulrush in his canal he lifted not up. 6 The roots of the bulrush were carried away. 7 O god of the world, who among the papyri the water drinks not! …..[4]
[Footnote 1: The early Accadian kings frequently call themselves "shepherds." According to Berosus, Alorus, the first antediluvian king of Babylonia, gave himself the same title. Compare the Homeric [Greek: poimaen laon].]