Bisaya Alphabet.

The letters made use of in the Bisaya alphabet, are twenty in number as follows:

A.Ah.N.Ai-nay.
B.Bay.Ng.Ai-ngay.
C.Thay.ÑAi-nyay.
D.Day.O.Oh.
E.A or ay.P.Pay.
G.Hay.Q.Coo.
H.Atchay.S.Es say.
I.EE.T.Tay.
L.Ai-lay.U.OO.
M.Ai-may.Y.EE (griega).

The vowels are A, E, I, O, U, and Y at the end of a word. The vowels are never silent, except U in the syllables que, qui, the sound of which corresponds to that heard in the English words Kedge, Keep, Key.

Asounds always like A in alam.
Bsounds like B in back
Cbefore a, o, u, sounds like K in English, as—caadlaoon—The dawn of the day—Coco—Nail of the fingers.
Dat the beginning of a word or in the middle, if preceded by a consonant, is pronounced like in English. At the end of a word or between two vowels has a sound between D and R, which may be obtained by placing the tip of the tongue against the higher teeth turning the thick part towards the roof of the mouth.
Ghas always a very smooth sound like in English before a, o, u, as—ginicanan, forefathers—gintoon-an, scholar.
Hhas a slight aspirated sound like a very faintly aspirated h in English in the words horse, hog—as—hocom, judge—habagat, a strong wind—hilanat, fever.
E, Ithese vowels although sound like in English, nevertheless, natives confound them very often: the same shall be said of the vowels O and U; and this is the reason why the P. John Felix's Dictionary employs but I and O, instead E, I—O, U.
Lsounds like in English, as—lamdag, brightness—libac, backbiting.
Msounds like in English: as—mata, eye—motó-top.
Nsounds like in English; as—nipis, fine, thin.
Ngthis letter has no equivalent in English, and it must be heard from the natives.
Ñthis letter has a strong nasal sound resembling that of n in the English word “poniard” out of Bohol province, where it is pronounced as in the English word—manger and written ny: as, caninyo, bonyag, instead of caniño, boñag.
Osounds like in English; as—olan, rain—úhao, thirst.
Psounds as in English:—pito, seven—ponó, fill.
Qis always followed by u, and pronounced like K; as, quinabuhi, life, quilay, eyebrow, quilquil, scratching.
Shas always a harsh, hissing sound like ss in English. There is not a word in Bisaya beginning with s followed by a consonant.
Tsounds as in English, as—tabang, help, tiao, joke.
Usounds like in English in the words “proof, goose” but it is frequently confounded with O. (See I and E on the preceding page).
Ysounds like ee in English at the end of a word; but before a vowel, or between two vowels, sounds like in the English words “joke, jolt” as—yabó, pour.—This letter when after a noun or pronoun, if the same noun or pronoun, is employed instead of the particle ang, being as it does, an article of appellative nouns. Examples: I did that—acó ang nagbuhat niana, or, acoy nagbuhat niana—What is the reason of that.—¿Onsa ba ang hingtungdan niana? or ¿Onsay hingtungdan niana?

First Lesson.

Of the article.

1.a The article in the Bisaya dialect is divided into determinate and indeterminate and of the proper names.