1858.—Sir R. Burton (Scot.) discovers Lake Tanganyika.
1858.—Speke and Grant (Brit.) discover Victoria Nyanza.
1860.—Sir S. Baker (Eng.) explores Upper Nile. Discovers Albert Nyanza, 1864.
1867-72.—Richthofen (Ger.) makes extensive explorations in China.
1869.—G. Nachtigal (Ger.) makes explorations in Lake Chad region and central Sudan, Africa.
1870-1886.—Prejevalsky (Rus.) journeys in Mongolia, Tibet, etc.
1872.—Payer and Weyprecht (Austrian) explore Franz Josef Land.
1872-76.—“Challenger” Expedition (Brit.) explores the depths of the oceans.
1874-75.—Lieut. Cameron (Eng.) crosses equatorial Africa.
1876-90.—H. M. Stanley (Eng.) explores Congo Basin; Mt. Ruwenzori; Forests on the Aruwimi, etc. Africa.