Results: Messenians capitulate and are allowed to leave the Peloponnesus never to return. Athens retaliates by settling them at Naupactus.
PELOPONNESIAN WAR.—431-404 B. C.
(1) Sparta and Allies vs. (2) Athens and Allies.
a. First Period—431-421 B. C.
Cause: Envy of Sparta and her allies at Athens’ growing power and influence. Discontent among some of the Athenian subject states.
Leaders: (1) Archidamus, Agis, Brasidas; (2) Demosthenes, Cleon, Nicias.
Chief Actions: (1) Invasion of Attica, Plague in Attica, Siege of Platæa, Delium, Amphipolis. (2) Mitylene, Sphacteria.
Results: By the peace of Nicias (421 B. C.) both sides are to restore conquests and prisoners but terms are imperfectly carried out.
b. Second Period or Decelean War—413-404 B. C.