Chief Action: Unsuccessful attack on Damascus.
Results: Armies almost annihilated by hunger, disease and the enemy.
Third Crusade—1189-1192.
Cause: Capture of Jerusalem by Saladin.
Leaders: Richard I. of England, Philip Augustus of France, Frederick Barbarossa of Germany; (2) Saladin.
Chief Actions: (1) Acre.
Results: The Latin Christians secure by treaty the privilege of visiting the tomb of Christ for three years without molestation.
Fourth Crusade—1201-1204.
(1) Crusaders vs. (2) Eastern Empire.
Causes: Appeals of Innocent III. Through influence of the Venetians the Crusaders turn aside to attack Constantinople.