1054. Separation of the Greek and Latin churches. See "[DISSENSION AND SEPARATION OF THE GREEK AND ROMAN CHURCHES]," v, 189.
1055. Togrul Beg drives the Buyides from Bagdad and establishes his authority there.
1056. Death of Emperor Henry III; his son, Henry IV, is elected king under the regency of his mother, Agnes.
Malcolm defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, at Dunsinane.
1057. Harold, son of Earl Godwin, is designated heir to the throne of England. See "[NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND]," v, 204.
1059. Nicholas II and the Council of Rome decree that future popes shall be elected by the college of cardinals, but confirmed by the people and clergy of Rome and the emperor.
1060. King Andrew slain in battle by his brother, Bela, who ascends the throne of Hungary.
1061. Robert Guiscard and his brother Roger, at the head of the Normans, engage in the conquest of Sicily from the Saracens.
1062. The Archbishop of Cologne, Anno, assumes the reins of government after seizing the young emperor Henry IV.
1066. Death of Edward the Confessor, who is succeeded by Harold II. The Norwegians invade England; they are defeated by Harold. William, Duke of Normandy, invades and conquers England. See "[NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND]," v, 204.