1119 Death of Gelasius at Lyons. Election of Guido, archbishop of Vienne, Calixtus II. He excommunicates Henry and the anti-pope, and sets out for Rome.
1120 Calixtus captures Gregory and submits him to great degradation.
1121 Death of Gregory in prison. Celestine II anti-pope.
1122 The Concordat of Worms settles the question of investiture. The emperor cedes the right of investiture by ring and staff. The pope allows the election of bishops and abbots according to canonical procedure in the presence of the emperor, but without bribery or compulsion.
1124 Lambert di Fagnano, Honorius II, elected through the Frangipani influence. He rules in peace with Germany, but heads the papal forces in the south of Italy.
1130 At death of Honorius, a portion of the cardinals elect Gregorio de’ Papi, Innocent II. The remainder choose Peter Leonis, Anacletus II, who gains the support of Roger of Sicily. Innocent wins over Bernard of Clairvaux, and, through him, Lothair II.
1132 Lothair goes to Italy against Anacletus and Roger.
1133 Coronation of Lothair by Innocent, who gives him the allodial possessions of the countess Matilda as a fief.
1138 Death of Anacletus settles the disputed election. Gregorio Conti, Victor IV, the new anti-pope, holds out for two months. All Rome acknowledges Innocent.
1139 Great Lateran Council. It condemns Arnold of Brescia. The pope asserts his unlimited power over the episcopal order. Innocent goes to war with Roger of Sicily and is taken prisoner. He is released on recognising Roger’s title and kingdom.