1158 Frederick goes to Italy to settle quarrel.
1159 Frederick threatened with excommunication. Adrian dies. The election divided: Rolando Ranuci, Alexander III, and Octavian, cardinal of St. Cecilia, Victor IV.
1160 Frederick summons Council of Pavia to decide claim of the two popes. On account of Alexander’s haughty attitude Frederick recognises Victor.
1162 After many struggles with Victor, Alexander takes refuge in France.
1164 Death of Victor. Guido of Crema, Paschal III, chosen by a small faction to succeed as anti-pope. He does not dare enter Rome.
1165 Alexander returns to Rome where the senate receives him.
1167 Frederick takes Rome and installs Paschal. His second coronation by Paschal.
1168 The cause of Paschal much weakened by departure of Frederick. Death of Paschal. John, bishop of Tusculum, Calixtus III succeeds as anti-pope. His power grows weaker.
1176 Frederick makes armistice with pope and Lombards after defeat at Legnano.
1177 Reconciliation of Frederick and Alexander at Venice.