Ranke, L., Geschichte der romanischen und germanischen Völker von 1494 bis 1535, Berlin, 1824, 2 vols.; Zur venetianischen Geschichte, Leipsic, 1878; Weltgeschichte, Leipsic, 1896, 4 vols.—Reinach, J., La France et l’Italie devant l’histoire, Paris, 1893.—Reuchlin, H., Geschichte Italiens von der Gründung der regierenden Dynastien bis zur Gegenwart, Leipsic, 1859-1873, 4 vols.—Reumont, Alfred von, Bibliografia dei Lavori Pubblicati in Germania sulla Storia d’Italia, Berlin, 1863; Geschichte Toscana’s seit dem Ende des florentinischen Freistaates 1530-1859, Gotha, 1876, 2 vols.; Lorenzo de’ Medici, the Magnificent (trans. by Robert Harrison), London, 1876, 2 vols.; Characterbilder aus der neueren Geschichte Italiens, Leipsic, 1885.—Revel, G. di, Da Ancona a Napoli, Milano, 1892.—Robertson, W., History of the Reign of Charles V, London, 1856.—Rodocanachi, E. P., Le comte de Cavour, Paris, 1891.—Rorai, S. di, Il genio della Rivoluzione Periodo I, 1789-1848, Venezia, 1890.—Rosa, G., Genesi della colture italiana, Milano, 1889.—Roscoe, William, Life of Lorenzo de Medici, 8th edition, London, 1845.—Ruskin, J., Seven Lamps of Architecture, London, 1849.
Saint Maro, C. H. L. de, Histoire d’Italie depuis la chute de l’empire d’Occident, Paris, 1761-1770, 6 vols.—Salimbene, Chronicon Fra Salimbene Parmensis, Parma, 1857.
A collection of stories without order or design, which gives, however, a very minute picture of the condition of Italy in the thirteenth century.
Sanctis, F. de, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, Napoli, 1870.—Sansi, A., Storia del Comune di Spoleto dal secolo XII al XVII, Foligno, 1879-1884, 2 vols.—Sarti, T., Il Parlamento subalpino e nazionale, Terni, 1890.—Sassone, F., France et Italie 1820-1886, Geneva, 1886.—Scheffer-Boichorst, P., Florentiner Studien, Leipsic, 1874.—Schmidt, D. L., Zur Geschichte der Langobarden, Leipsic, 1889.—Sewell, E. M., Outline History of Italy, London, 1895.—Sheppard, William, Life of Poggio Bracciolini, Liverpool, 1837.—Sichirollo, G. L. S., Compendio della storia d’Italia nel medio evo, 1890.—Silvagni, D., Rome, its Princes, Priests, and People, London, 1886-1887, 3 vols.—Simonsfeld, H., Andreas Dandolo und seine Geschichtswerke, Munich, 1876; Venetianische Studien, Munich, 1878.—Sismondi, J. C. L. Simonde de, History of the Italian Republics, London, 1832; Literature of the South of Europe (tr. by Roscoe), London, 1846, 2 vols.
Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de Sismondi (1773-1842) achieved much distinction through his works on history and literature, particularly his Italian Republics and his History of France. He was exceedingly laborious and for the most part free from prejudice, but was somewhat lacking in penetration and historical grasp. Of the Italian Republics Mignet says: “Sismondi has traced this history with vast learning, a noble spirit, a vigorous talent, sufficient art, and much eloquence.”
Spalding, William, Italy and the Italian Islands, New York, 1842, 3 vols.—Spano, M., Reminiscenze sulle lotte degli Italiani per la loro independenza, Roma, 1886.—Stella, G. and J., Annales Genuenses ab a. 1298-1435; in Muratori, vol. XXVI.
Georgius and Johannes Stella take up the history of Genua at the point where the work of Caffaro and his successors stops and bring it down to their own day (1435).
Summonte, G., Storia della città e regno di Napoli, Napoli, 1601-1634, 4 vols.—Sweetser, M. F., Titian, Boston, 1878.—Symonds, J. A., Renaissance in Italy, London and New York, 1875-1886, 7 vols.; Short History of the Renaissance in Italy, London, 1893; article, “Italy,” in Encyclopædia Britannica.
John Addington Symonds (1840-1893) was a man of intense ardour and sympathy who, having a passion for Italy, made the study of the Renaissance in that country the work of the greater part of his life. His writing is always brilliant and terse, though his views are sometimes not clearly defined nor unbiased.