1823 A rebellion in Tras-os-Montes. João revises the constitution. A Brazilian fleet defeats the Portuguese.
1824 The king’s son Miguel revolts, but the revolt is suppressed by the energy of the foreign ambassadors, and a new constitution establishes the cortes in their ancient form, divided into three estates.
1825 The royal family goes to Brazil, where João is accepted as emperor, then abdicates in favour of Pedro, acknowledging the independence of Brazil.
1826 João VI dies. Pedro IV grants a constitutional charter. He abdicates the throne of Portugal in favour of his daughter Maria II (Maria da Gloria) aged seven, who is under the regency of her aunt Isabella Maria. Miguel swears fidelity to the constitution. Marquis of Chaves raises an insurrection for Miguel. Miguel is betrothed to Maria. English troops called in to keep order.
1827 Miguel made regent and English troops withdraw.
1828 Miguel exiles his enemies. Miguel proclaims himself king and abolishes parliament. Miguel’s forces capture Madeira.
1829 Miguel defeated by constitutionalists at Terceira.
1830 A council of regency under Villa Flor (Terceira), Palmella, etc., appointed for Maria in the Azores.
1831 Dom Pedro resigns the crown of Brazil to his son, and meeting Maria in London prepares to overthrow Miguel. Insurrection against Miguel put down.