José Antonio Condé (1765-1820), was at one time regarded as the great authority on the history of the Spanish Arabs. He was educated at the University of Salamanca, a member of various learned societies, and for long conservador of the Escorial library. In 1814 he was exiled for political reasons and he died in great poverty. Modern students of the history of the Spanish Arabs have convicted Condé of many errors and faults of judgment, but it is acknowledged that he was a laborious scholar.
Coppée, H., History of the Conquest of Spain by the Arab Moors, Boston, 1881, 2 vols.—Cos-Gayon, F., Historia de la administración pública de España, Madrid, 1851.—Coxe, W., Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, London, 1815, 5 vols.—Crónica de Don Alvaro de Luna, Milan, 1546, Madrid, 1784.—Crónica del rey Don Rodrigo, Alcalá, 1587.—Curry, J. L. M., Constitutional Government in Spain, New York, 1889.—Cushing, Caleb, Reminiscences of Spain, 1833, 2 vols.—Custine, M. de, L’Espagne sous Ferdinand VII, Paris, 1838, 4 vols.
Dahn, F., Die Könige der Germanen, Würzburg and Leipsic, 1861-1895.—Danvila y Collado, M., Historia del Reinado de Carlos III, Madrid, 1893-1896, 6 vols.—Daumet, G., Étude sur l’alliance de la France et de la Castille au XIVᵉ et au XVᵉ siècles, Paris, 1898.—De Labra, R. M., Historia de las relaciones internacionales de España, Madrid, 1897; La Crisis colonial en España, Madrid, 1902.—De la Escosura y Hevia, A., Inicio crítico del feudalismo en España, Madrid, 1856.—Del Cantillo, A., Tratados, convenios y declaraciones de paz y de comercio que han hecho cen las potencias extranjeras los monarcos españoles de la Casa de Bourbon, 1700-1842, Madrid, 1843.—Desclot, B., Crónica del rey En Pere in Chroniques étrangères relatives aux expéditions françaises pendant le XIIIᵉ siècle, Orléans, 1876.
Bernardo Desclot, one of the greatest of Catalan historians, lived in the reigns of James I and Pedro III of Aragon. Little is known of his life. He wrote the story of the events of his own day in the Catalan language, and prefixed the narrative by a short account of the counts of Barcelona and kings of Aragon preceding James I.
Desdevises du Degert, G., L’Espagne de l’ancien régime, Paris, 1897 (in progress, 2 vols. already published).—Desormeaux, J. L. R., Abrégé chronologique de l’histoire d’Espagne et de Portugal, 1758, 5 vols.—Diercks, G., Geschichte Spaniens, Berlin, 1895-1896, 2 vols.—Dillon, J. T., History of the Reign of Pedro the Cruel, 1788, 2 vols.—Dochez, and Paquis, A., Histoire d’Espagne et de Portugal, Paris, 1844-1848, 2 vols.—Dormer, D. J., Progresos de la historia en Aragon, Saragossa, 1680.—Dozy, R. P., Recherches sur l’histoire et la littérature de l’Espagne, Leyden, 1845, 1860, 1881, 2 vols.; Le Cid d’après de nouveaux documents, 1860; Histoire des Musulmans d’Espagne jusqu’à la conquête de l’Andalousie par les Almoravides, Leyden, 1861, 4 vols.
Reinhart Dozy, an eminent Dutch orientalist of French extraction was born in Leyden in 1820 and died there in 1883. He was an extraordinary linguist and wrote almost equally well in every European language beside being deeply versed in most of the Semitic languages but especially the Arabic. In 1850 he became professor in the University of Leyden. He was the first to shake the high reputation of the historian Condé by pointing out his numerous errors. Dozy’s historical investigations were made in the archives of various countries, especially of course in Spain. He edited a number of the works of Arab writers with commentaries and glossaries and published a dictionary of the names of Arab garments.
Ducasse, Mémoires et correspondance politique du roi Joseph, Paris, 1853-1855, 10 vols.—Du Hamel, V., Historia constitucional de la monarquía española, translated from the French by B. A. y Espinosa, Madrid, 1848, 2 vols.—Duncan, F., The English in Spain; or, the Story of the War of Succession between 1834-1840, London, 1877.—Dunham, S. A., History of Spain and Portugal, London, 1832, 5 vols.—Dunlop, J., Memoirs of Spain during the reigns of Philip IV and Charles II, Edinburgh, 1834, 2 vols.—Duran, A., Romancero General, Madrid, 1857-1861.—Duro, C. F., La armada invincible, Madrid, 1884-1885, 2 vols.
Eckstein, F., Espagne, considérations sur son passé, son présent, son avenir, 1836.—Elliot, F. M., Old Court Life in Spain, London, 1893, 2 vols.; La España del siglo XIX, Madrid, 1885-1887, 3 vols. A series of historical lectures delivered in the Atheneum of Madrid.—Everhard Nidart, P. J., Varias obras correspondientes á la regencia de la reina Doña Maria Ana de Neoburg; sucesos de Don Juan de Austria (in Semanario Erudito), 1788.
Fabricius, A. K., La première invasion des Normands dans l’Espagne Musulmane en 814, Lisbon, 1892.—Fernald, J. C., The Spaniard in History, New York, 1898.—Fernan-Nuñez, Condé de, Vida de Carlos III, published by A. Morel-Fatio and A. Paz y Melia, Madrid, 1898, 2 vols.—Ferrer del Rio, A., Exámen histórico crítico del reinado de Don Pedro de Castilla, 1850; Historia del reinado de Carlos III de España, Madrid, 1856, 4 vols.—Ferreras, J. de, Synopsis histórica cronológica de España, Madrid, 1775-1781, 17 vols.—Field, H. M., Old Spain and New Spain, London, 1888.—Flórez, Enrique, Memorias de las reynas católicas, historia genealógica de la casa real de Castilla y de Leon, Madrid, 1761, 1790, 2 vols.; España Sagrada teatro geográfico-histórico de la iglesia de España, Madrid, 1747, 51 vols.; Llave historial, Madrid, 1743, 1790; España carpetana, Medallas de las colonias, municipios y pueblos antiguos de España, Madrid, 1757.