Retournons à nos chiens, ces animaux estans affamez, d'autant qu'ils n'auoient pas de quoy mãger non plus que nous, ne faisoient qu'aller & venir, roder par tout dans la cabane: or comme on est souuẽt couché aussi bien qu'assis dans ces maisons d'écorce, ils nous passoient souuent & sur la face & sur le ventre, & si souuent, & auec telle importunité, qu'estant las de crier & de les chasser, ie me couurois quelque fois la face, puis ie leur donnois liberté de passer par où ils voudroient: s'il arriuoit qu'on leur iettait vn os, aussitoit s'estoit de courre apres à qui l'auroit, culbutans tous ceux qu'ils rencontroient assis, s'ils ne se tenoient bien fermes; ils m'ont par fois renuersé & mon écuelle d'écorce, & tout ce qui estoit dedans sur ma sotane. Ie sousriois quand il y suruenoit quelque querelle parmy-eux lors que [194] nous disnions: car il n'y auoit celuy qui ne tint son plat à deux belles mains contre la terre, qui seruoit de table, de siege & de lict, & aux hommes & aux chiens: c'est de là que prouenoit la grãde incommodité que nous receuions de ces animaux, qui portoient le nez dans nos écuelles plustost que nous n'y portions la main. C'est assez dit des incommoditez des maisons des Sauuages, parlons de leurs viures.
Let us return to our dogs. These animals, being famished, as they have nothing to eat, any more than we, do nothing but run to and fro gnawing at everything in the cabin. Now as we were as often lying down as sitting up in these bark houses, they frequently walked over our faces and stomachs; and so often and persistently, that, being tired of shouting at them and driving them away, I would sometimes cover my face and then give them liberty to go where they wanted. If any one happened to throw them a bone, there was straightway a race for it, upsetting all whom they encountered sitting, unless they held themselves firmly. They have often upset for me my bark dish, and all it contained, in my gown. I was amused whenever there was a quarrel among them at [194] our dinner table, for there was not one of us who did not hold his plate down with both hands on the ground, which serves as table, seat, and bed both to men and dogs. From this custom arose the great annoyance we experienced from these animals, who thrust their noses into our bark plates before we could get our hands in. I have said enough about the inconveniences of the Savages' houses, let us speak of their food.
Au commencement que ie fus auec eux, comme ils ne salent ny leurs boüillons ny leurs viandes, & que la saleté mesme fait leur cuisine, ie ne pouuois manger [46] de leur salmigondies, ie me contentois d'vn peu de galette & d'vn peu d'anguille bouccanée, iusques là que mon hoste me tançoit de ce que ie mangeois si peu, ie m'affamay deuant que la famine nous acceüillist, cependant nos Sauuages faisoient tous les iours des festins, en sorte que nous nous vismes en peu de temps sans pain, sans farine, & sans anguilles, & sans aucun moyen d'estre secourus: car outre que nous estions fort auant dans les bois, & que nous fussions morts mille fois deuant [195] que d'arriuer aux demeures des François, nous hyuernions de là le grãd fleuue qu'on ne peut trauerser en ce temps là pour le grand nombre de glaces qu'il charie incessamment, & qui mettroient en pieces non seulement vne chalouppe, mais vn grand vaisseau, pour la chasse, comme les neiges n'estoient pas profondes à proportion des autres années, ils ne pouuoiẽt pas prendre l'Elan, si bien qu'ils n'apportoient que quelques Castors, & quelques Porcs epics, mais en si petit nombre, & si peu souuent, que cela seruoit plustost pour ne point mourir que pour viure. Mon hoste me disoit dans ces grandes disettes. Chibiné aye l'ame dure resiste à la faim, tu seras par fois deux iours, quelque fois trois ou quatre sans manger, ne te laisse point abbattre, prẽd courage, quand la neige sera venuë nous mangerons: nostre Seigneur n'a pas voulu qu'ils fussent si long temps sans rien prendre; mais pour l'ordinaire nous mangions vne fois en deux iours, voire assez souuent ayans mangé vn Castor le matin, le lendemain au soir nous mangions vn Porc-epic gros comme [196] vn Cochon de laict: c'estoit peu à dixneuf personnes que nous estions, il est vray; mais ce peu suffisoit pour ne point mourir. Quand ie pouuois [48] auoir vne peau d'Anguille pour ma iournée sur la fin de nos viures, ie me tenois pour bien déieuné, bien disné, & bien soupé.
When I first went away with them, as they salt neither their soup nor their meat, and as filth itself presides over their cooking, I could not eat their mixtures, and contented myself with a few sea biscuit and smoked eel; until at last my host took me to task because I ate so little, saying that I would starve myself before the famine overtook us. Meanwhile our Savages had feasts every day, so that in a very short time we found ourselves without bread, without flour, without eels, and without any means of helping ourselves. For besides being very far in the woods, where we would have died a thousand times before [195] reaching the French settlement, we were wintering on the other side of the great river, which cannot be crossed in this season on account of the great masses of ice which are continually floating about, and which would crush not only a small boat but even a great ship. As to the chase, the snows not being deep in comparison with those of other years, they could not take the Elk, and so brought back only some Beavers and Porcupines, but in so small a number and so seldom that they kept us from dying rather than helped us to live. My host said to me during this time of scarcity, "Chibiné, harden thy soul, resist hunger; thou wilt be sometimes two, sometimes three or four, days without food: do not let thyself be cast down, take courage; when the snow comes, we shall eat." It was not our Lord's will that they should be so long without capturing anything; but we usually had something to eat once in two days,—indeed, we very often had a Beaver in the morning, and in the evening of the next day a Porcupine as big as [196] a sucking Pig. This was not much for nineteen of us, it is true, but this little sufficed to keep us alive. When I could have, toward the end of our supply of food, the skin of an Eel for my day's fare, I considered that I had breakfasted, dined, and supped well.
Au commencement ie m'estois seruy d'vne de ces peaux pour refaire vne sotane de toille que i'auois sur moy, ayãt oublié de porter des pieces, mais voyãt que la faim me pressoit si fort, ie mangeay mes pieces, & si ma sotane eust esté de mesme estoffe, ie vous répond que ie l'eusse rapportée bien courte en la maison: ie mangeois bien les vieilles peaux d'Orignac, qui sont bien plus dures que les peaux d'Anguilles, i'allois dans les bois brouter le bout des arbres & ronger les écorces plus tendres, comme ie remarqueray dans le iournal. Les Sauuages qui nous estoient voisins, souffroient encore plus que nous, quelques-vns nous venans voir, nous disoient que leurs camarades estoient morts de faim, i'en vy qui n'auoient mangé qu'vne fois en cinq iours, & qui se tenoient bien heureux quand ils trouuoient de quoy [197] disner au bout de deux, ils estoient faits comme des squelets, n'ayans plus que la peau sur les os, nous faisions par fois de bons repas; mais pour vn bon disner, nous nous passions trois fois de souper. Vn ieune Sauuage de nostre cabane, mourant de faim, comme ie diray au Chapitre suiuant, ils me demandoient souuent si ie ne craignois point, si ie n'auois point peur de la mort, & voyans que ie me monstrois assez asseuré ils s'en estonnoient, notamment en certain temps que ie les vis quasi tomber dans le desespoir. Quand ils viennent iusques-là, ils ioüent pour ainsi dire à sauue qui peut, ils iettent leurs écorces, & leur bagage, ils abandonnent les vns les autres, & perdans le soin du public, c'est à qui trouuera de quoy viure pour soy; alors les enfans, les femmes, en [50] vn mot ceux qui ne sçauroient chasser meurent de froid & de faim, s'ils en fussent venus à ceste extremité ie serois mort des premiers.
At first, I had used one of these skins to patch the cloth gown that I wore, as I forgot to bring some pieces with me; but, when I was so sorely pressed with hunger, I ate my pieces; and if my gown had been made of the same stuff, I assure you I would have brought it back home much shorter than it was. Indeed, I ate old Moose skins, which are much tougher than those of the Eel; I went about through the woods biting the ends of the branches, and gnawing the more tender bark, as I shall relate in the journal. Our neighboring Savages suffered still more than we did, some of them coming to see us, and telling us that their comrades had died of hunger. I saw some who had eaten only once in five days, and who considered themselves very well off if they found something [197] to dine upon at the end of two days; they were reduced to skeletons, being little more than skin and bones. We occasionally had some good meals; but for every good dinner we went three times without supper. When a young Savage of our cabin was dying of hunger, as I shall relate in the following Chapter, they often asked me if I was not afraid, if I had no fear of death; and seeing me quite firm, they were astonished, on one occasion in particular, when I saw them almost falling into a state of despair. When they reach this point, they play, so to speak, at "save himself who can;" throwing away their bark and baggage, deserting each other, and abandoning all interest in the common welfare, each one strives to find something for himself. Then the children, women, and for that matter all those who cannot hunt, die of cold and hunger. If they had reached this extremity, I would have been among the first to die.
Voila ce qu'il faut preuoir auant que de se mettre à leur suitte: car encor qu'ils ne soient pas tous les ans pressez de ceste famine, ils en courent tous les [198] ans les dangers puis qu'ils n'ont point à manger, ou fort peu, s'il n'y a beaucoup de neige & beaucoup d'Orignaux, ce qui n'arriue pas tousiours.
So these are the things that must be expected before undertaking to follow them; for, although they may not be pressed with famine every year, yet they run the risk every [198] winter of not having food, or very little, unless there are heavy snowfalls and a great many Moose, which does not always happen.
Que si vous me demandez maintenant quels estoient mes sentimens dans les afres de la mort, & d'vne mort si langoureuse comme est celle qui prouient de la famine, ie vous diray que i'ay de la peine à répondre; neantmoins afin que ceux qui liront ce Chapitre, n'apprehendent point de nous venir secourir, ie puis asseurer auec verité que ce temps de famine m'a esté vn temps d'abondance. Ayant recogneu que nous commençions à floter entre l'esperance de la vie & la crainte de la mort, ie fis mon conte que Dieu m'auoit condamné à mourir de faim pour mes pechez, & baisant mille fois la main qui auoit minuté ma sentence, i'en attendois l'execution auec vne paix & une ioye qu'on peut bien sentir, mais qu'on ne peut décrire: ie confesse qu'on souffre, & qu'il se faut resoudre à la Croix: mais Dieu fait gloire d'ayder vne ame quand elle n'est plus secouruë des creatures. Poursuiuons nostre chemin.
Now if you were to ask me what my feelings were in the terrors of death, and of a death so lingering as is that which comes from hunger, I will say that I can hardly tell. Nevertheless, in order that those who read this Chapter may not have a dread of coming over to our assistance, I can truly say that this time of famine was for me a time of abundance. When I realized that we began to hover between the hope of life and the fear of death, I made up my mind that God had condemned me to die of starvation for my sins; and, a thousand times kissing the hand that had written my sentence, I awaited the execution of it with a peace and joy which may be experienced, but cannot be described. I confess that one suffers, and that he must reconcile himself to the Cross; but God glories in helping a soul when it is no longer aided by his creatures. Let us continue on our way.