[177] Strictly speaking, Henry was at this time only king of the Romans: he was not crowned Emperor at Rome till 1084.
[178] Letter of Gregory VII to William I, A.D. 1080. I quote from Migne, t. cxlviii. p. 568.
[179] 'Gradum statim post Principes Electores.'—Frederick I's Privilege of Austria, in Pertz, M. G. H. legg. ii.
[180] Hohenstaufen is a castle in what is now the kingdom of Würtemberg, about four miles from the Göppingen station of the railway from Stuttgart to Ulm. It stands, or rather stood, on the summit of a steep and lofty conical hill, commanding a boundless view over the great limestone plateau of the Rauhe Alp, the eastern declivities of the Schwartzwald, and the bare and tedious plains of western Bavaria. Of the castle itself, destroyed in the Peasants' War, there remain only fragments of the wall-foundations: in a rude chapel lying on the hill slope below are some strange half-obliterated frescoes; over the arch of the door is inscribed 'Hic transibat Cæsar.' Frederick Barbarossa had another famous palace at Kaiserslautern, a small town in the Palatinate, on the railway from Mannheim to Treves, lying in a wide valley at the western foot of the Hardt mountains. It was destroyed by the French and a house of correction has been built upon its site; but in a brewery hard by may be seen some of the huge low-browed arches of its lower story.
[181] A great deal of importance seems to have been attached to this symbolic act of courtesy. See Art. I of the Sachsenspiegel.
[182] Letter to the German bishops in Radewic; Mur., S. R. I., t. vi. p. 833.
[183] A picture in the great hall of the ducal palace (the Sala del Maggio Consiglio) represents the scene. See Rogers' Italy.
[184] Psalm xci.
[185] Document of 1230, quoted by Von Raumer, v. p. 81.
[186] Speech of archbishop of Milan, in Radewic; Mur. vi.