[187] Frederick's election (at Frankfort) was made 'non sine quibusdam Italiæ baronibus.'—Otto Fris. i. But this was the exception.

[188] See also [post, Chapter XVI.]

[189] 'Senatus Populusque Romanus urbis et orbis totius domino Conrado.'

[190] Otto of Freysing.

[191] Later in his reign, Frederick condescended to negotiate with these Roman magistrates against a hostile Pope, and entered into a sort of treaty by which they were declared exempt from all jurisdiction but his own.

[192] See the first note to Shelley's Hellas. Sismondi is mainly answerable for this conception of Barbarossa's position.

[193] They say rebelliously, says Frederick, 'Nolumus hunc regnare super nos ... at nos maluimus honestam mortem quam ut,' &c.—Letter in Pertz. M. G. H. legg. ii.

[194]

'De tributo Cæsaris nemo cogitabat;

Omnes erant Cæsares, nemo censum dabat;