§ [188]. Verbs of this class ar derived from verbs, adjectivs and substantivs. Their meaning is predominantly causativ. Causativs from strong ablaut verbs hav the vowel of the prt. sg.; e. g., wandjan, to wend, turn (< windan); dragkjan, to giv to drink (< drigkan); ur-raisjan, to raiz (< ur-reisan, to arize); ga-drausjan, to cause to fall (< driusan).—Also verbs derived from adjectivs and substantivs show, with few exceptions, a causativ meaning; e. g., háuhjan, to make high (< háuhs); hailjan, to heal (< hails); warmjan, to warm (< warms); —dailjan, to deal (< dails); taiknjan, to make a sign, to show (< taikns, a token); etc.—Only a few hav an intransitiv meaning, e. g., sipônjan, to be a disciple; faúrhtjan, to fear.
3. SECOND WEAK CONJUGATION (-ôn).
§ [189]. The formativ suffix (ô) occurs in this class not only in the prt., but also in the hole prs., and absorbs the initial vowels appearing in the endings of the strong verb. Paradim: salbôn, to anoint.
| (a) Present. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indic. | Opt. | Imper. | ||
| Sing. | 1. | salbô | salbô | — |
| 2. | salbôs | salbôs | salbô | |
| 3. | salbôþ | salbô | salbôdau | |
| Dual | 1. | salbôs | salbôwa | — |
| 2. | salbôts | salbôts | salbôts | |
| Plur. | 1. | salbôm | salbôma | salbôm |
| 2. | salbôþ | salbôþ | salbôþ | |
| 3. | salbônd | salbôna | salbôndau | |
| Infinitiv: | salbôn | |||
| Participl: | salbônds | |||
| (b) Preterit. | ||||
| salbôda, -dês, -da, etc. (s. [§ 184]). | ||||
| (c) Pret. Participl Passiv. | ||||
| salbôþs | ||||
| (d) Medio-Passiv: Present. | ||||
| Indic. | Opt. | |||
| Sing. | 1. 3. | salbôda | salbôdau | |
| 2. | salbôza | salbôzau | ||
| Plur. | 1. 2. 3. | salbônda | salbôndau | |
Note. No exampls of the 3. pers. sg. and pl. imper. ar extant, but they may be safely inferd like other forms; e. g., the dual forms, or the 2nd pers. sg. midl: salbôza, salbôzau, which hav been merely inferd according to the other conjugations.
§ [190]. The number of verbs of the 2nd class is greater than that of the 3d, but much smaller than that of the verbs in -jan. Exampls: mitôn, to think; ƕarbôn, to wander; fiskôn, to fish; sidôn, to practis; idreigôn, to repent; awiliudôn, to thank; þiudanôn, to be king; faginôn, to rejoice; fraujinôn, to rule; reikinôn, to rule; frijôn, to luv; sunjôn, to justify; hausjôn ([§ 187], n. 3).
4. THIRD WEAK CONJUGATION (-an).
§ [191]. Verbs of this class hav the formativ suffix -ai. This, however, appears in all forms of the prt. (and in the pp.), while it occurs in but few forms of the present and what belongs to the prs., the greater number following entirely the present forms of the strong verb. The ai is found in the present only where the terminations of the strong verb begin with i which it absorbs (thus, in the 2nd and 3d pers. sg. indic., in the 2nd pers. pl. indic., and in 2nd pers. pl. imper.), and in 2nd pers. sg. imper. (which has no termination).—But the ai is entirely wanting before the endings beginning with a (ô).