§ [192]. Paradim haban, to hav.
| (a) Present. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indic. | Opt. | Imper. | ||
| Sing. | 1. | haba | habau | — |
| 2. | habais | habais | habai | |
| 3. | habaiþ | habai | habadau | |
| Dual | 1. | habôs | habaiwa | — |
| 2. | habats | habaits | habats | |
| Plur. | 1. | habam | habaima | habam |
| 2. | habaiþ | habaiþ | habaiþ | |
| 3. | haband | habaina | habandau | |
| Infinitiv: | haban | |||
| Participl: | habands | |||
| (b) Preterit. | ||||
| habaida, -dês, -da, etc. (s. [§ 184]). | ||||
| (c) Preterit Participl. | ||||
| habaiþs | ||||
| (d) Medio-Passiv: Present. | ||||
| Indic. | Opt. | |||
| Sing. | 1. 3. | habada | habaidau | |
| 2. | habaza | habaizau | ||
| Plur. | habanda | habaindau | ||
Note. An exampl of the 3d pers. pl. imper. is extant in this conjugation only: liugandau, γαμησάτωσαν; I. Cor. VII, 9.
§ [193]. Verbs of this class ar mostly intransitiv. Their number is comparativly small. Exampls: þahan, to be silent; þulan, to suffer; liban, to liv; ana-silan, to be silent; fijan, to hate; trauan, to trust (cp. [§ 26]); saúrgan, to sorrow; liugan, to marry.
Note. hatan, to hate, fluctuates between this and the 1st weak conj. (hatjan); —bauan, to dwel, has the 3d pers. sg. prs. indic. strong: bauiþ; cp. [§ 179], n. 2.
5. FOURTH WEAK CONJUGATION (-nan).
§ [194]. By means of the suff. -no- in the prt., n (-na-) in the present, verbs ar formd in Gothic which denote an entering into a state; therefore they hav an 'inchoativ' meaning. When they hav a medial meaning, they often also render Greek medio-passiv verbs. These verbs ar always intransitiv and never hav a purely passiv meaning. Hense, for exampl, andbindada means it is loost (by sum one), but andbundniþ, it becums loose, it loosens. Nearly all of these verbs ar derived from adjectivs or from the stem of the pp. passiv. Exampls: (a) from strong verbs: and-bundnan (bindan), to loosen (intr.); us-bruknan (brikan), to break off (intr.); dis-kritnan, to rend (intr.); fra-lusnan (fra-liusan), to perish; ga-waknan (wakan), to awaken; ga-skaidnan (skaidan), to becum parted, to depart; —(b) from adjectivs: gahailnan (hails), to becum hole; mikilnan (mikils), to becum great; weihnan (weihs), to becum holy; gadauþnan, to becum ded, to die.
Note 1. To substantivs belong gafrisahtnan (frisahts, image), to be formd; ga-gawaírþnan (ga-waírþi), to reconcile one's self to; the stem-vowel is irregular in: us-geisnan, to becum amazed; in-feinan, to be moved with compassion.
Note 2. That the fundamental meaning of these verbs is inchoativ has been shown by Egge, 'Inchoativ or n-verbs in Gothic' (American Journal of Phil., 7, p. 38 et seq.). The corresponding Norse verbs in -na ar inchoativ only.