Scotland.[105]

Prisoners.
Men.Women.
Absolute Numbers. %Absolute Numbers. %
Illiterate 3,807 12.0 2,635 20.5
Able to read and write 27,849 87.9 10,245 79.5
With a higher education 46 0.1 1 0.0
Total 31,702 100.0 12,881 100.0

France, 1896–1900.[106]

Crimes. Percentage of Accused Persons
Completely Illiterate.
Arson 26
Infanticide 21
Poisoning 20
Rape and indecent assault upon children 20
Serious assaults 16
Murder 16
Homicide 15
Rape, etc. upon adults 14
All crimes 14
Aggravated theft 12
Parricide 10
Assaults upon parents, etc. 10
Fraudulent bankruptcy 10
Highway robbery 8
Counterfeiting 7
Forgery, etc. 2
Breach of trust 2

Ireland, 1905.

Prisoners.
Men.Women.Total.
Absolute Numbers. %Absolute Numbers. %Absolute Numbers. %
Illiterate 4,321 22.5 3,264 32.5 7,585 25.9
Able to read, or read and write imperfectly 3,804 19.8 1,983 19.8 5,787 19.8
Able to read and write well 11,003 57.2 4,757 47.4 15,760 53.9
With a higher education 93 0.5 32 0.3 125 0.4
Unknown 2 0.0 — — 2 0.0
Total 19,223 100.0 10,036 100.0 29,259 100.0

[[430]]

According to the census of 1901 the percentage of illiterates was 12.2 for the men, 13.1 for the women, and 12.7 for the total population 12 years old and over.[107]

Italy, 1881–1889.[108]

Years.Correctional Tribunals.Assizes.To 100 Married there were the Following who were Illiterate.
To 100 Arraigned there wereTo 100 Convicted there were
Illiterate.Able to Read.Able to Read and Write.Having a Higher Education.Illiterate.Able to Read and Write.Having a Higher Education.Men and Women.Men.[109]
1881 68.38 1.74 27.38 2.50 63.40 34.87 1.73 59.07 48.24
1882 67.93 1.61 27.59 2.87 59.05 38.11 2.84 57.43 46.68
1883 66.45 1.82 28.74 2.99 57.64 40.00 2.36 56.67 45.79
1884 64.61 1.71 30.10 3.58 58.99 38.76 2.25 55.81 44.97
1885 60.93 1.80 32.90 4.37 61.24 36.75 2.01 54.92 44.28
1886 61.34 2.20 33.15 3.31 59.66 38.25 2.09 53.31 43.19
1887 59.25 — 37.07 3.68 59.34 37.04 3.62 52.83 42.83
1888 61.48 — 34.51 4.01 69.14 31.99 3.87 52.08 42.27
1889 60.98 — 35.31 3.71 63.75 33.14 3.11 50.83 41.21