[[521]] Recidivism has regularly increased, then: a little more than 65% in 18 years.
It is present in different crimes in very various degrees. For the following crimes it is very great.
Germany, 1882–1895.[307]
| Crimes. | Number of Recidivists having undergone Imprisonment to Each 100 Convicts in the Years | |||
| 1882. | 1886. | 1890. | 1895. | |
| Leze-majesty | 40.7 | 41.3 | 43.2 | 52.8 |
| Rebellion | 31.8 | 41.3 | 46.8 | 52.7 |
| Robbery and blackmail | 44.4 | 45.6 | 51.5 | 50.9 |
| False accusation | 34.8 | 37.1 | 42.1 | 48.3 |
| Crimes of fraud | 32.9 | 38.9 | 42.9 | 45.4 |
| Crimes against personal liberty | 26.6 | 32.3 | 37.8 | 42.8 |
| Theft and embezzlement | 32.1 | 35.2 | 37.2 | 40.4 |
| Crimes against morals | 24.1 | 31.3 | 35.9 | 38.3 |
| Counterfeiting | 28.5 | 31.1 | 35.1 | 38.2 |
The following figures give a picture of recidivism in
England and Wales, 1871–1900.[308]
| Years. | Percentage of Recidivists among Convicts. | Percentage among Convicts of Recidivists who have been Convicted | |||||
| Once. | 2 to 5 Times. | 6 to 10 Times. | 11 to 20 Times. | Over 20 Times. | |||
| 1871–77 | 40 | ||||||
| 1880–92 | 48 | ||||||
| 1894 | 54 | .5 | 15.2 | 18.3 | 7.7 | 6.2 | 6.9 |
| 1895 | 55 | .5 | 15.7 | 18.0 | 8.9 | 6.9 | 5.9 |
| 1896 | 57 | .3 | 14.8 | 19.1 | 9.0 | 7.7 | 6.6 |
| 1897 | 57 | .6 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 7.1 |
| 1898 | 59 | .9 | 16.2 | 20.0 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 7.1 |
| 1899 | 60 | .2 | 16.4 | 19.9 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 7.0 |
| 1900 | 59 | .3 | 15.8 | 19.2 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 7.4 |
Here also, then, as in Germany there is a great increase in recidivism; 72% in 29 years. [[522]]
For some offenses recidivism is more common than for others, as the following figures show.
England and Wales, 1899–1900.[309]