(2) The to-spoken thing (vocative), as ‘O sing, sweet bird.’
Cases are marked by shapes of thing-names or by case-words, or by the setting of the case-word either after or before the time-word, as ‘The dog drove out the cat,’ where the dog is the beginning of the time-taking; or ‘The cat drove out the dog,’ where the dog is the end of it, and is shown to be so by the setting of its name after the time-word.
Source.
‘The bird flew from, or off, or out of the tree.’
‘He died of or from intemperance.’
The tree and intemperance are source-marks of flew and died.
End or Aim.
‘John loved George.’
‘He went to or towards London.’