1. Scutate (Scutata). Covered with large flat scales.—Ex. Machilis polypoda.
2. Squamose (Squamosa). Covered with minute scales.—Ex. Lepidoptera.
3. Pulverulent (Pulverulenta). Covered with very minute powder-like scales.—Ex. Ceutorhynchus Sisymbrii.
4. Pollinose (Pollinosa). Covered with a loose mealy and often yellow powder resembling the pollen of flowers.—Ex. Lixus paraplecticus.
5. Farinose (Farinosa). Covered with a fixed mealy powder resembling flour.—Ex. Spots on the Elytra of Cetonia aurata, variegata, &c.
6. Lutose (Lutosa). Covered with a powdery substance resembling mud or dirt, which easily rubs off.—Ex. Trox lutosus.
7. Rorulent (Rorulenta). Covered like a plum with a bloom which may be rubbed off.—Ex. Peltis limbata.
8. Stupeous (Stupea). Covered with long loose scales resembling tow.—Ex. The Palpi of Lepidoptera. Antennæ of some Diptera. Plate [XII]. Fig. 23.
9. Pilose (Pilosa). Covered with long distinct flexible hairs.—Ex. Thorax of Vespa Crabro.
10. Villose (Villosa). Covered with soft flexible hairs thickly set.—Ex. Prothorax of Amphimalla solstitialis.
11. Lanate (Lanata). Covered with fine, very long, flexible and rather curling hairs like wool.—Ex. Melolontha lanigera F.
12. Lanuginose (Lanuginosa). Covered with longish very soft fine down.—Ex. Prothorax of Trichius fasciatus. Thorax and base of the Abdomen of Megachile circumcincta (Apis **. c. 2. α K.).
13. Hirsute (Hirsuta). Covered with long stiffish hairs very thickly set.—Ex. Bombus.
14. Plumulose (Plumulosa). When the hairs branch out laterally like feathers.—Ex. Hair on the base of the Maxilla of Eucera (Apis ** d. 1. K.).
15. Hairy (Hirta). Covered with short stiffish sub-distinct hairs.—Ex. Genus Lagria.
16. Tomentose (Tomentosa). Covered with short interwoven inconspicuous hairs.—Ex. Acanthocinus Ædilis.
17. Pubescent (Pubescens). Covered with very fine decumbent short hairs.—Ex. Harpalus ruficornis, &c.
18. Stupulose (Stupulosa). Covered with coarse decumbent hairs.—Ex. Elytra of Melolontha vulgaris.
19. Velutinous (Velutina). Covered with very thick-set upright short hairs or pile, resembling velvet.—Ex. Trombidium holosericeum. Scutellum of Staphylinus hybridus.
20. Holosericeous (Holosericea). Covered with thick-set shining short decumbent hairs, resembling satin[1089].—Ex. Under side of the body of Elophorus stagnalis, Argyroneta aquatica, &c.
21. Setose (Setosa). Bristly. Sprinkled with stiff scattered hairs like bristles.—Ex. Echinomyia grossa.
22. Setulose (Setulosa). Setose with the bristles truncated.—Ex. Thylacites setosus.
23. Hispid (Hispida). Rough from minute spines, or very stiff rigid bristles.—Ex. Hispa atra. Phoberus horridus, &c.
24. Rough (Aspera). Rough from pubescence in general.
25. Bald (Calva). A part of a surface with little or no hair, when the rest of it is very hairy.—Ex. Vertex of Melitta and Apis Kirby.
26. Glabrous (Glabra). Without any hair or pubescence.
27. Lubricous (Lubrica). Slippery as if lubricated.—Ex. Dynastes Centaurus.
b. partial.
1. Cirrus (Cirrus). A lock of curling hair.
2. Cirrose (Cirrosa). Having one or more cirri.—Ex. Antennæ of Acanthocinus araneiformis.
3. Fascicule (Fasciculus). A bundle of thick-set hairs often converging at the apex. Plate [XIX]. Fig. 6. c.
4. Fasciculate (Fasciculata). Having one or more fascicules.—Ex. Catenulated lines in the Elytra of Trox arenosus. Buprestis fascicularis.
5. Penicil (Penicillus). A small bundle of diverging hairs. Plate [XIX]. Fig. 6. a.
6. Penicillate (Penicillata). Having one or more penicils.—Ex. Larva of Orgyia antiqua.
7. Verricule (Verriculum). A thick-set tuft of parallel hairs. Plate [XIX]. Fig. 6. b.
8. Verriculate (Verriculata). Having one or more verricules.—Ex. Larva of Dasychira pudibunda. Under side of Abdomen of Megachile ♀. (Apis **. c. 2. α. K.).
9. Barbate (Barbata). When any part is clothed with longer hairs, resembling a beard.—Ex. Anus of Macroglossa stellatarum. Antennæ of Cerambyx Ammiralis L. Plate [XII]. Fig. 26.
10. Ciliate (Ciliata). When the margin is fringed with a row of parallel hairs.—Ex. The base and apex of the Prothorax of Lucanus Cervus.
11. Fimbriate (Fimbriata). When a part is terminated by hairs or bristles that are not parallel.—Ex. Anus of many Andrenæ[1090]. (Melitta **. c. K.).
12. Comate (Comata). When very long flexible hairs thickly cover a space in the upper surface.
13. Crinite (Crinita). When very long hairs thinly cover any space.
14. Jubate (Jubata). Having long pendent hairs in a continued series.—Ex. Intermediate Legs of Anthophora pilipes (Apis **. d. 2. α. K.).
15. Furred (Pellita). When shorter decumbent hairs thickly cover any space, as in the Bombyces dorso cristato L.
v. COLOUR.
1. Niveous (Niveus). The pure unblended white of snow.—Ex. Arctia chrysorhea.
2. White (Albus). White less intense than niveous. The colour of chalk.—Ex. Spilosoma mendica ♀.
3. Lacteous (Lacteus). White with a slight tint of blue. The colour of milk.—Ex. Minoa lactearia.
4. Cream-coloured (Lactifloreus). White with a proportion of yellow.—Ex. Pale part of the Primary wings of Euprepia Caja.
5. Flesh-coloured (Carneus). White tinted with red. The colour of young and healthy flesh.—Ex. Secondary wings of Sphinx Ligustri.
6. Hoary (Incanus). White with a small proportion of black. The colour of a gray head. N.B. This term is usually confined to pubescence.—Ex. Curculio sulcirostris.
7. Cinereous (Cinereus). White with a shade of brown.—Ex. Sitona diffinis, Dasychira pudibunda.
8. Griseous (Griseus). White mottled with black or brown.—Ex. Curculio nebulosus.
9. Yellow (Flavus). Pure yellow.—Ex. Bands on the Abdomen of Nomada (Apis *. b. K.), Crabro, &c.
10. Straw-coloured (Stramineus). Pale yellow with a very faint tint of blue.—Ex. Ennomos cratægata.
11. Sulphureous (Sulphureus). Yellow with a tint of green. The colour of brimstone.—Ex. Gonepteryx Rhamni ♂.
12. Luteous (Luteus). Deep yellow with a tint of red. The colour of the yolk of an egg.—Ex. Primary wings of Colias Edusa.
13. Orange (Aurantius). Equal parts of red and yellow.—Ex. Apex of Wings of Pontia Cardamines.
14. Saffron-coloured (Croceus). The colour of saffron.—Ex. Yellow in the Elytra of Trichius fasciatus.
15. Miniatous (Miniatus). The colour of red lead.—Ex. Secondary wings of Euprepia Caja.
16. Fulgid (Fulgidus). A bright fiery red.—Ex. Lycæna Virgaureæ and Hippothoe.
17. Rufous (Rufus). A pale red.—Ex. Apion frumentarium.
18. Testaceous (Testaceus). The colour of a tile, a dull red.—Ex. Chrysomela Populi.
19. Scarlet (Coccineus). A bright pale red.—Ex. Elytra of Pyrochroa coccinea.
20. Red (Ruber). Pure red.—Ex. Under Wings of Hypercampa Dominula.
21. Sanguineous (Sanguineus). Red with a tint of black. The colour of blood.—Ex. Spots in Chilocorus Cacti, and Prothorax of Locusta morbillosa.
22. Rose-coloured (Roseus). Colour of the rose.—Ex. Parts of the Wings and Body of Deilephila Elpenor.
23. Crimson (Puniceus). A bright red with a tint of blue.—Ex. Base of the Under Wings of Catocala Sponsa.
24. Purple (Purpureus). Equal parts of blue and red.—Ex. Sagra purpurea. Vitta on the Elytra of Donacia fasciata.
25. Violet (Violaceus). Blue with some red. The colour of Viola odorata.—Ex. Chrysomela Goettingensis, Abdomen of Geotrupes vernalis.
26. Lilac (Lilacinus). Colour of the flowers of the lilac.—Ex. Part of the Iris of the Ocellus, in the Wings of Vanessa Io.
27. Blue (Cyaneus). Pure blue. Colour of Centaurea Cyanus.—Ex. Disk of the Wings of Papilio Ulysses. Callidium violaceum.
28. Azure (Azureus). A paler and more brilliant blue.—Ex. Wings of Morpho Menelaus, Telemachus, &c.
29. Sky-Blue (Cæruleus). A paler blue. The colour of the sky.—Ex. Polyommatus Adonis.
30. Cæsious (Cæsius). Very pale blue with a little black. The colour of blue eyes.—Ex. Under side of the Wings of Polyommatus Argiolus.
31. Green (Viridis). Equal parts of blue and yellow.—Ex. Cicindela campestris.
32. Æruginous (Æruginosus). Green with a blue tint. The colour of the rust of copper, verdigris.—Ex. Polydrosus Cnides.
33. Prasinous (Prasinus). Green with a mixture of yellow. The colour of the leaves of leeks or onions.—Ex. Pentatoma prasina. Under side of Wings of Thecla Rubi.
34. Glaucous (Glaucus). Pale blueish green. Sea green.—Ex. Elytra of Dynastes Hercules, Alcides, Tityus, &c.
35. Mouse-coloured (Murinus). Black with a small proportion of yellow. The colour of the common mouse.—Ex. Base of the abdominal segments of Cossus ligniperda.
36. Lurid (Luridus). Yellow with some mixture of brown. Dirty yellow.—Ex. Elytra of Aphodius luridus and nigrosulcatus.
37. Livid (Lividus). A pale purplish brown. The colour of a bruise.—Ex. Berosus luridus.
38. Tawny (Fulvus). A pale dirty orange.—Ex. The pale parts of the Wings of Hipparchia Pamphilus.
39. Fawn-coloured (Cervinus). A reddish brown.—Ex. Lasiocampa Rubi.
40. Olive (Olivaceus). A brownish green. The colour of olives.—Ex. Dytiscus marginalis.
41. Fuscous (Fuscus). A dull brown.—Ex. Hipparchia Semele. Prionus scabricornis.
42. Ferruginous (Ferrugineus). A yellowish brown with some red. The colour of the rust of iron.—Ex. Base of Under Wings of Smerinthus Populi. Gastropacha quercifolia.
43. Cinnamon-coloured (Cinnamomeus). A yellowish brown. The colour of cinnamon.—Ex. Prionus cinnamomeus.
44. Brown (Brunneus). Pure brown.—Ex. Dark parts in the Primary Wings of Euprepia Caja.
45. Bay (Badius). Bright red brown of the chestnut.—Ex. Elytra of Melolontha vulgaris when the hairs are rubbed off.
46. Chestnut (Castaneus). Colour of the dark part of the chestnut.—Ex. Elytra of Lucanus Cervus.
47. Piceous (Piceus). Shining reddish black. The colour of pitch.—Ex. Prionus coriarius.
48. Fuliginous (Fuliginosus). The opaque black of soot.—Ex. Wings of Lithosia rubricollis.
49. Black (Niger). A dull black with some brown.—Ex. Pachygaster niger.
50. Atrous (Ater). Pure black of the deepest tint.—Ex. Liparus anglicanus.
vi. SPLENDOUR.
a. gemmeous.
1. Margaritaceous (Margaritaceus). Glossy, white with changeable tints of purple, green, and blue. The splendour of pearls.—Ex. The drums in Cicada capensis.
2. Opaline (Opalinus). A blueish white reflecting the prismatic colours. The splendour of the opal.—Ex. Wings of Notonecta glauca and some Nepæ.
3. Crystalline (Crystallinus). The white splendour of crystal or glass.—Ex. Stemmata of many Hymenoptera, &c.
4. Topazine (Topazinus). The yellow splendour of the topaz.—Ex. Many Stemmata of Hymenoptera, and Eyes of Spiders.
5. Rubineous (Rubineus). The red splendour of the ruby.
6. Smaragdine (Smaragdinus). The green splendour of the emerald.
7. Amethystine (Amethystinus). The purple splendour of the amethyst.
b. metallic.
1. Argent (Argenteus). The splendour of silver.—Ex. The spots on the under side of the Wings in Argynnis Lathonia, &c.
2. Golden (Aureus). The splendour of gold.—Ex. Entimus imperialis. Spot in the Wings of Plusia Festucæ.
3. Orichalceous (Orichalceus). A splendour intermediate between that of gold and brass.—Ex. Upper Wings of Plusia Chrysitis.
4. Æneous (Æneus). The splendour of brass.—Ex. Elytra of Carabus clathratus.
5. Cupreous (Cupreus). The reddening splendour of copper.—Ex. Carabus nitens.
6. Chalybeous (Chalybeus). The blue splendour of steel case-hardened, or of the mainspring of a watch.—Ex. Helops chalybeus. Legs of Lithosia Quadra.
7. Plumbeous (Plumbeus). The colour of lead.—Ex. Prothorax of Clytra dentata?
8. Inaurate (Inauratus). When striæ or other impressed parts have a metallic splendour.—Ex. Margin of Prothorax and Elytra of Carabus violaceus. Striæ of Elytra &c. of Phanæus Mimas.
9. Deaurate (Deauratus). A metallic hue which looks as if the gilding was worn off.—Ex. Donacia ænea, &c.