c. bombycine.
1. Sericeous (Sericeus). The splendour of silk.—Ex. Cryptocephalus sericeus.
2. Tramosericeous (Tramosericeus). The splendour of satin.—Ex. Chlamys Bacca, monstrosa, &c.
d. reflected.
1. Resplendent (Splendens). Reflecting the light intensely.—Ex. The Head and Thorax of Philonthus splendens, æneus, politus, &c.
2. Shining (Nitidus). Reflecting the light, but less intensely.—Ex. Dytiscus marginalis.
3. Pruinose (Pruinosus). When the splendour of the surface is somewhat obscured by the appearance of a bloom upon it like that of a plum, but which cannot be rubbed off[1091].—Ex. Elytra of Serica ruricola and brunnea.
4. Obscure (Obscurus). A surface which reflects the light but little.—Ex. Pælobius Hermanni.
5, Opaque (Opacus). A surface which does not reflect the light at all.—Ex. Trox sabulosus, arenarius. Silpha opaca.
vii. TRANSPARENCE.
1. Hyaline (Hyalina). The clear transparency of glass.—Ex. The Wings of many Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.
2. Diaphanous (Diaphana). Transparent, but less purely than hyaline. Semitransparent.—Ex. The Wings of many Coleoptera.
3. Adiaphanous (Adiaphana). Which does not transmit the light at all.—Ex. Elytra of Coleoptera.
viii. PAINTING.
1. Atom (Atomus). A very minute dot.
2. Irrorate (Irrorata). Sprinkled with atoms, as the earth with dew.—Ex. Onthophagus Vacca. Papilio Paris.
3. Gutta (Gutta[1092]). A roundish dot intermediate in size between an atom and a macula.
4. Guttate (Guttata). Sprinkled with guttæ.—Ex. Coccinella.
5. Macula (Macula). A larger indeterminately shaped spot.
6. Maculate (Maculata). Painted with such spots.—Ex. Abraxas grossulariata.
7. Litura (Litura). An indeterminate spot growing paler at one end, as if daubed or blotted.
8. Liturate (Liturata). A surface painted with one or more such spots.—Ex. Aphodius conflagratus.
9. Plaga (Plaga). A long and large spot.—Ex. Aphodius plagiatus.
10. Islet (Insula). A spot of a different colour, included in a plaga or macula.—Ex. The Ocelli in the Primary Wings of Hipparchia Semele. A spot in the middle fascia of the under side of the Primary Wing in Papilio Podalirius.
11. Crepera (Crepera). A gleam of paler colour upon a dark ground.—Ex. Elytra of Dytiscus marginalis.
12. Shadow (Umbra). A slight shade, not easily perceptible upon a paler ground.—Ex. Elytra of Acanthocinus Ædilis. Wings of Plutella asperella.
13. Signatures (Signaturæ). Markings upon a surface resembling in some degree letters and characters.
14. Signate (Signatus). Marked with signatures.—Ex. Elytra of Acrocinus longimanus.
15. Inscribed (Inscriptus). When the surface is marked with the resemblance of a letter of any language.—Ex. Plusia Gamma. Vanessa C. album.
16. Hieroglyphic (Hieroglyphicus). Painted with characters somewhat resembling hieroglyphics.—Ex. Acrocinus longimanus. Schizorhina Australasiæ.
17. Annulet (Annulus). A ring-shaped spot.—Ex. Cyclophora omicronaria, &c. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. o.
18. Lunulet (Lunula). A small crescent-shaped spot.—Ex. Marginal spots above and below the Secondary Wings in Melitæa Artemis, &c.
19. Reniculus (Reniculus). A small kidney-shaped spot.—Ex. Upper Wings of Mamestra Persicaria.
20. Ocellus (Ocellus). An eye-like spot in the Wings of many Lepidoptera, consisting of annuli of different colours, inclosing a central spot or pupil.
a. Pupil (Pupilla). The central spot of the ocellus. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. t. An ocellus is called bipupillate, tripupillate, &c., when there are two, three, &c. of these spots.—Ex. Primary Wing of Hipparchia Tithonus, &c. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. p.
a. Hastate Pupil (Pupilla hastata). When the pupil is a halberd-shaped spot.—Ex. Pupil of Ocellus of Aglia Tau. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. k.
b. Suffulted Pupil (Pupilla suffulta). When the pupil shades into another colour.—Ex. Primary Wing of Vanessa Io.
b. Iris (Iris). The circle which incloses the pupil. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. u.
c. Atmosphere (Atmosphæra). The exterior circle of the ocellus. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. v.
21. Blind Ocellus (Ocellus cæcus). An ocellus without the pupil.—Ex. Hipparchia Davus.
22. Spurious Ocellus (Ocellus spurius). A circular spot without any defined iris or pupil.—Ex. Spot in the Disk of the Primary Wings of Colias Helice.
23. Simple Ocellus (Ocellus simplex). When the ocellus consists only of iris and pupil.—Ex. Ocelli on the under side of Primary Wings of Hipparchia Semele. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. t, n, u.
24. Compound Ocellus (Ocellus complexus). When the ocellus consists of three or more circles.—Ex. Saturnia Spini. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. l.
25. Nictitant Ocellus (Ocellus nictitans). When the ocellus includes a lunular spot of a different colour.—Ex. Under side of Wings of Morpho Perseus. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. m.
26. Fenestrate Ocellus (Ocellus fenestratus). When an ocellus has a transparent spot.—Ex. Attacus Paphia and Cytherea.
27. Dioptrate Ocellus (Ocellus dioptratus). A fenestrate ocellus divided by a transverse line.—Ex. Attacus Polyphemus.
28. Double Ocellus (Ocellus geminatus). When two ocelli are included in the same circle or spot.—Ex. Under side of Secondary Wing of Morpho Perseus. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. r, v.
29. Twin Ocellus (Ocellus didymus). When such ocelli join each other.—Ex. Under side of Secondary Wing of Hipparchia Hyperanthus.
30. Sesquialterous Ocellus (Ocellus sesquialterus). An ocellus with a smaller near it, called also Sesquiocellus.—Ex. Under side of Secondary Wing of Colias Edusa. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. q.
31. Supercilium (Supercilium). An arched line resembling an eyebrow, which sometimes surmounts an eyelet.—Ex. Under side of Secondary Wing of Morpho Achilles. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. i.
32. Nebulose (Nebulosus). Painted with colour irregularly darker and lighter, so as to exhibit some resemblance of clouds.—Ex. Curculio sulcirostris, nebulosus; Catocala nupta.
33. Testudinarious (Testudinarius). Painted with red, black and yellow, like tortoise-shell.—Ex. Elytra of Aphodius testudinarius.
34. Consperse (Conspersus). Thickly sprinkled with minute irregular dots often confluent.—Ex. Biston Betularia.
35. Achatine (Achatinus). Painted with various concentric, curved, or parallel lines, resembling the veining of an agate.—Ex. Cossus labyrinthicus. Cerura vinula.
36. Ustulate (Ustulata). So marked with brown as to have the appearance of being scorched.—Ex. Wings of Ennomos dolabraria.
37. Marmorate (Marmorata). So painted with streaks, veins, and clouds, as to resemble marble.—Ex. Under side of the Wings of Vanessa Io. Marmarina marmorata.
38. Tessellate (Tessellata). Painted in checquerwork.—Ex. Abdomen of Sarcophaga carnaria and Musca maculata.
39. Fascia (Fascia). A broad transverse band.
a. Pyramidate Fascia (Fascia pyramidata). A band which juts out into an angle on one side.—Ex. Wing of Apatura Iris. Argynnis Paphia. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. h.
b. Macular Fascia (Fascia macularis). A band consisting of distinct spots.—Ex. Wings of Abraxas grossulariata. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. b.
c. Articulate Fascia (Fascia articulata). A band consisting of contiguous spots.—Ex. Under side of Wings of Melitæa Dictynna. Upper side of Primary Wing of Morpho Menelaus. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. a.
d. Dimidiate Fascia (Fascia dimidiata). A band traversing only half the wing.—Ex. Primary Wing of Papilio Turnus. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. f.
e. Abbreviate Fascia (Fascia abbreviata). A band traversing less than half the wing.—Ex. Primary Wing of Papilio Podalirius, Ajax, &c. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. g.
f. Sesquialterous Fascia (Fascia sesquialtera). When both wings are traversed by a continued band, and either the primary or secondary by another.—Ex. Endromis versicolor. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. d, c.
g. Sesquitertious Fascia (Fascia sesquitertia). When both wings are traversed by a continued band, and more than half of either the primary or secondary by another; or, when a wing or elytrum contains a band and the third of a band.—Ex. Tortrix Avellana. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. d, e.
40. Striga (Striga). A narrow transverse streak.
41. Strigose (Strigosa). Painted with several such streaks.—Ex. Ennomos prunaria.
42. Line (Linea). A narrow longitudinal stripe.
43. Lineate (Lineata). Painted with several such stripes. N.B. If with two, we say bilineata, with three, trilineata, &c.—Ex. Elater lineatus.
44. Vitta (Vitta). A broad longitudinal stripe.
45. Vittate (Vittata). Painted with several such stripes.—Ex. Chrysomela fastuosa, cerealis, &c.
46. Undulate (Undulata). When fasciæ, strigæ, lines, &c. curve into alternate sinuses resembling the rise and fall of waves.
47. Sinuato-Undulate (Sinuato-Undulata). When the sinuses are obtuse.—Ex. Boarmia repandaria.
48. Anguloso-Undulate (Anguloso-Undulata). When they go in a zigzag direction, or with alternate acute sinuses.—Ex. Acidalia undulata.
49. Radiate (Radiata). When a dot, spot, &c. appear to send forth rays.—Ex. The large blue area common to all the Wings of Papilio Ulysses.
50. Venose (Venosa). Painted with lines that branch like veins.—Ex. Under side of Wings of Pontia Napi.
51. Cancellate (Cancellata). Painted with transverse lines crossing longitudinal ones at right angles.—Ex. Macaria clathrata.
52. Areolate (Areolata). Painted with lines which intersect each other in various directions, so as to exhibit the appearance of net-work.—Ex. Wings of Tetanocera marginata and Cossus ligniperda.
53. Limbate (Limbata). When the disk is surrounded by a margin of a different colour.—Ex. Dytiscus marginalis.
54. Armillate (Armillata). When a leg, antenna, &c. is surrounded by a broad ring of a different colour.—Ex. Posterior Tibia of Prosopis annulata (Melitta * b. K.).
55. Annulate (Annulata). When a leg, antenna, &c. is surrounded by a narrow ring of a different colour.—Ex. Antennæ of many Ichneumons.
56. Cingulate (Cingulata). When the abdomen or the trunk is wholly surrounded by one or more belts of a different colour.—Ex. Abdomen of many Nomadæ (Apis *. b. K.).
57. Decolorate (Decolor). When the colour appears to be discharged from any part.—Ex. Margin of the Abdominal segments in Stelis punctulatissima Latr. (Apis ** c. 1. β. K.).
58. Unicolorate (Unicolor). When a surface is of one colour.
59. Concolorate (Concolor). Of the same colour with another part. If speaking of Lepidoptera, when the upper and under sides of the wings are of the same colour.—Ex. Hesperia Linea, Paniscus.
60. Discolorate (Discolor). Of a different colour from another part. When the upper and under sides of the wings of Lepidoptera are of a different colour.—Ex. Polyommatus Corydon, Argiolus, &c.
61. Versicolorate (Versicolor). When a surface changes its colour as the light varies.—Ex. Apatura Iris ♂.
62. Iridescent (Iricolor). When a surface reflects the colours of the rainbow.—Ex. Mesothorax of Xylocopa iricolor. Wings of Hymenoptera, &c.
63. Infuscate (Infuscata). When a colour is darkened by the superinduction of a brownish shade or cloud.—Ex. Apex of the Upper Wings of Cossus ligniperda.
ix. DISTINCTION.
1. Distinct (Distincta). When spots, puncta, granules, &c. do not touch or run into each other, but are completely separate.—Ex. Under side of Wings of Lycæna Hippothoe.
2. Ordinate (Ordinata). When spots, puncta, &c. are placed in rows. Thus we say ordinato-punctate, ordinato-maculate, &c.—Ex. Spots on the Abdomen of Spilosoma lubricipeda, erminea, &c.
3. Contiguous (Contigua). When spots, &c. are so near that they almost or altogether touch each other.—Ex. Spots in the margin of the Wings of Argynnis Aglaia.
4. Confluent (Confluens). When spots, &c. run into each other.—Ex. Apex of the Primary Wings and Under side of the Secondary in Pontia Daplidice.
5. Obliterate (Obliterata). When the borders of spots fade into the general ground-colour; and when elevations and depressions, &c. are so little raised or sunk from the general surface, as to be almost erased.—Ex. Streak in the Wings of Hipparchus papilionarius, &c. Striæ in the Elytra of Sphodrus leucophthalmus.
6. Obsolete (Obsoleta). When a spot, tubercle, punctum, &c. is scarcely discoverable. Ex. Lycæna Hippothoe ♂ and ♀.—N.B. This term is often employed where one sex, kindred species, or genera, want, or nearly so, a character which is conspicuous in the other sex, or in the species or genus to which they are most closely allied.
7. Geminous (Gemina). When there is a pair of spots, tubercles, puncta, &c.—Ex. Head of one sex of Dorcus parallelopipedus. Upper Wings of Odenestis potatoria.
8. Didymous (Didyma). When this pair of spots, &c. touch or are confluent.—Ex. Spots in Elytra of Tylostagmus quadrimaculatus.
9. Connivent (Connivens). The meeting of two lines so as to form an angle.—Ex. Streaks on the Under side of Secondary Wings of Thecla Pruni.
10. Common (Communis). Common to two. When a spot for instance is partly on one elytrum and partly on the other.—Ex. Coccinella septempunctata.