VIII. MARGIN.
1. Crisp (Crispa). When the Limb is disproportionably larger than the Disk, so as to render the margin uneven with irregular rises and falls.
2. Undulate (Undulata). When the surface rises and falls obtusely, not in angles.—Ex. Margin of Wings of Hipparchia Semele.
3. Corrugate (Corrugata). When the surface rises and falls acutely in angles.—Ex. Acidalia luteata, &c.
4. Plicate (Plicata). Longitudinally or transversely folded; or so impressed with striæ as to have that appearance.—Ex. Abdomen of Staphylinus.
5. Dilatate (Dilatata). Dilated disproportionably with respect to the Disk.—Ex. Prothorax of Necrophorus.
6. Filate (Filata). When the edge is separated by a channel, often producing a very slender threadlike margin.—Ex. Elytra of Choleva.
7. Incrassate (Incrassata). When the margin is disproportionably thick.—Ex. Mr. Marsham's Family of Chrysomela "thorace utrinque incrassato."
8. Intire (Integra). When the margin has neither teeth, serratures, nor other incisions.
9. Channel (Canalis). An impressed line more or less wide, which attends the edges, and is usually produced by its reflexion.
10. Edge (Acies). The extreme termination of the margin.
IX. TERMINATION.
1. Summit (Fastigium). The tip or extreme termination of the upper part.
2. Apex (Apex). The top or upper termination of any part.
3. Bottom (Fundus). The extreme termination of the lower part.
4. Base (Basis). The lower termination of any part.
5. Acute (Acuta). Terminating in an acute angle. Plate [XV]. Fig. 17.
6. Obtuse (Obtusa). Terminating bluntly, but within the segment of a circle. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1. f.
7. Rotundate (Rotundata). Terminating in the segment of a circle.—Plate [VI]. Fig. 1. e.
8. Truncate (Truncata). Terminating in a transverse line. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 5. a´´´.
9. Premorse (Præmorsa). Terminating in an irregular truncate apex, as if bitten off.—Ex. Elytra of Lebia, Dromia, Lomechusa, &c.
10. Retuse (Retusa). Terminating in an obtuse sinus.—Ex. Back part of the Head in Cimbex.
11. Emarginate (Emarginata). When the end has an obtuse notch taken out.—Ex. Nose of Pedinus arenosus.
12. Exscinded (Excisa). When the end has an angular notch taken out.—Ex. Nose of Opatrum sabulosum.
13. Producted (Producta). Disproportionably long.
14. Mucronate (Mucronata). Terminating suddenly in a strong point.—Ex. Elytra of Lixus paraplecticus. Abdomen of Sirex Gigas ♀.
15. Acuminate (Acuminata). Terminating gradually in a sharp point.—Ex. Abdomen of Sirex Juvencus ♀.
16. Apiculate (Apiculata). Terminating suddenly in a small filiform truncate apex.—Ex. Abdomen of Thelyphonus.
17. Cuspidate (Cuspidata). Terminating in a long setiform point.—Ex. Tail of Scorpio.
X. INCISION.
1. Incised (Incisa). Cut into equal marginal segments.
2. Cleft (Fissa). Cut into equal and deep segments, but not reaching the base. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 3. a.
a. Bifid (Bifida). Cut into two segments.
b. Trifid (Trifida). Cut into three.
c. Quadrifid (Quadrifida). Cut into four.
d. Multifid (Multifida). Cut into more than four.
3. Laciniate (Laciniata). Cut into unequal, irregular, and deep segments.
4. Squarrose (Squarrosa). Cut into laciniæ that are elevated above the plane of the surface.
5. Partite (Partita). Divided to the base. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 3. b.
a. Bipartite (Bipartita). Divided thus into two parts.
b. Tripartite (Tripartita). Divided into three parts.
c. Quadripartite (Quadripartita). Divided into four parts.
d. Multipartite (Multipartita). Divided into more than four parts.
6. Lobate (Lobata). Divided to the middle into parts with convex margins, which recede from each other.—Ex. Acanthia paradoxa. Bilobate, with two lobes. Trilobate, with three lobes, &c.
7. Cruciate (Cruciata). Divided to the middle into four opposite arms, the angles being either four right ones, or two obtuse and two acute.—Ex. Prothorax of many Locustæ.
8. Sinuate (Sinuata). Having large curved breaks in the margin resembling bays. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 1.
9. Erose (Erosa). Sinuate, with the sinuses cut out into smaller irregular notches as if gnawed.—Ex. Wings of Vanessa C. album.
10. Crenate (Crenata). Cut into segments of small circles.
11. Serrate (Serrata). Cut into teeth like a saw, with teeth whose sides are unequal.—Ex. External margin near the Apex of the Elytra of many species of Buprestis.
12. Dentate (Dentata). Cut into teeth, with teeth whose sides are equal or nearly so.—Ex. The Wings of many Butterflies.
13. Repand (Repanda). Cut into very slight sinuations, so as to run in a serpentine direction. Plate [XXII]. Fig. 11. s.
XI. RAMIFICATION.
1. Dichotomous (Dichotoma). Dividing regularly in pairs.
2. Furcate (Furcata). Dividing into two. Plate [XVIII]. Fig. 11.
3. Ramose (Ramosa). Furnished with lateral branches. Plate [XI]. Fig. 18.
4. Decussate (Decussata). Sending forth lateral branches which alternately cross each other.
5. Divaricate (Divaricata). Standing out very wide.
XII. DIVISION.
1. Segment (Segmentum). The great inosculating joints of the body.
2. Joint (Articulus). The joints of a limb or member.
3. Incisure (Incisura). A deep incision between the segments, when they recede from each other.
4. Suture (Sutura). The line of separation of any two parts of a crust which are connected only by membrane or ligament, but do not inosculate.
a. Spurious Suture (Sutura spuria). An impressed line in any part of a body, which resembles a suture, but does not really divide the crust.