Arthur Schnitzler was an Austrian author and dramatist.

Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation, which characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind noumenal will. Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism. He was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Indian philosophy, such as asceticism, denial of the self, and the notion of the world-as-appearance. His work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism.

Arthur Scott Bailey was an American writer. He was the author of more than forty children's books. He was born in St. Albans, Vermont, United States, the second child of Winfield Scott Bailey and Harriet Sarah Goodhue. Winfield Bailey owned a dry goods shop that was stated to be "one of the most reputable of St. Albans mercantile concerns" and specialized in furs; namely ladies' fur coats, muffs and scarves. Bailey attended St. Albans Academy and graduated in 1896, in a class of only eleven other students. He then went on to the University of Vermont in Burlington, Vermont, where he became involved in a fraternal organization, Sigma Phi.

Arthur Sherburne Hardy was an American engineer, educator, editor, diplomat, novelist, and poet.

Arthur Sidgwick (1840–1920) was an English classical scholar who had an early career as a schoolteacher. Despite his self-deprecating remark "in erudition I am naught", he is considered a great teacher of ancient Greek poetry. He also became an important figure in the advancement of female education at the University of Oxford.

Arthur Somers Roche was an American author of novels, short stories, and two plays.

Arthur Stanley Riggs was an American writer, editor and historian, noted for his biographies of Titian and Velázquez.

Arthur William Symons was a British poet, critic and magazine editor.

Arthur Waugh was an English author, literary critic and publisher. He was the father of the authors Alec Waugh and Evelyn Waugh.

Sir Arthur Wing Pinero was an English playwright and, early in his career, actor.