Mikhail Stepanovich Olminsky was a prominent Russian Bolshevik particularly involved with Party history and also an active literary theorist and publicist.

Mikhail Andreyevich Osorgin was a writer, journalist, and essayist born in the Russian Empire.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist of Ukrainian Cossack ancestry. Ostrogradsky was a student of Timofei Osipovsky and is considered to be a disciple of Leonhard Euler, who was known as one of the leading mathematicians of Imperial Russia.

Mikhail Fedotovich Ovsyannikov was a Soviet philosopher and academic who concentrated on in-depth study of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Ovsyannikov was head of the Philosophy Department at Moscow State University from 1968 to 1974.

Mikhail Grigoryevich Pavlov was a Russian academic, largely responsible for spreading the philosophical ideas of the Naturphilosophie of Schelling in Russia. He was a professor at Moscow University.

Prince Mikhail Petrovich Dolgorukov was a Russian prince and general who died at the Battle of Virta Bridge against the Swedes on 27 October 1808.

Mikhail Petrovich Sidko is a chemical engineer, inventor, and honoured innovator of the Ukrainian SSR. He is the last living survivor of the Babi Yar massacre.

Colonel Mikhail Vasilyevich Pevtsov was a Russian army officer and explorer known for travel and exploration in central Asia.

Mikhail Borisovich Piotrovsky is a Russian historian. He is presently the Director of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Mikhail Spartakovich Plyatskovsky was a Soviet songwriter and playwright.