Mikhail Pavlovich Shishkin is a Russian-Swiss writer and the only author to have won the Russian Booker Prize (2000), the Russian National Bestseller (2005), and the Big Book Prize (2010). His books have been translated into 30 languages. He also writes in German.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov was a Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life and fate of Don Cossacks during the Russian Revolution, the civil war and the period of collectivization, primarily in his most famous novel, And Quiet Flows the Don.

Mikhail Mikhaylovich Shultz, was a Soviet/Russian physical chemist, and an artist.

Mikhail Dmitriyevich Skobelev, a Russian general, became famous for his conquest of Central Asia and for his heroism during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Dressed in a white uniform and mounted on a white horse, and always in the thickest of the fray, he was known and adored by his soldiers as the "White General". During a campaign in Khiva, his Turkmen opponents called him goz ganly or "Bloody Eyes".

Mikhail Leonidovich Slonimsky was a Soviet writer, member of the Serapion Brothers group.

Mikhail Sergeyevich Solomentsev was a high-ranking Soviet politician and statesman.

Count Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky was a Russian reformist during the reign of Alexander I of Russia, to whom he was a close advisor. He later served under Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. Speransky is referred to as the father of Russian liberalism.

Mikhail Matveyevich Stasyulevich was a Russian writer, scholar, historian, journalist, editor and publisher.

Mikhail Nikolaevich Strikhanov is a Russian physicist. Since 2007 he has been the rector of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI.

Mikhail Fedorovich Subbotin was a Soviet mathematician and astronomer who calculated orbits of planets and comets. He worked on general properties of motion in the n-body problem.