Nikolai Vikentyevich Albertini was a Russian journalist, lawyer, publicist and literary critic.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Amosov, Doctor of Science, Professor was a Soviet and Ukrainian doctor of Russian origin, heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast, known for his inventions of several surgical procedures for treating heart defects.

Nikolai Feodorovich Annensky was a Russian economist, statistician and politician. He was a member of the populist (narodnik) movement and the Socialist-Revolutionary Party before becoming one of the founders of the Russian Popular Socialist Party (NSP) in 1906.

Nikolai Pavlovich Antsiferov was a Soviet historian and scholar of culture and local lore.

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Aristov was a Türkologist by calling, who utilized his experience, education, and access to official information he had as a fairly high-level official in the Turkestan czarist administration, to accumulate and analyze the ethnographic and ethnic history of the Central Asian peoples.

Nikolai Nikolayevich Aseyev was a Russian and Soviet Futurist poet and writer.

Nikolai Ivanovich Ashmarin was a Russian scholar who specialized in the study of Chuvash language, culture, and history. His magnum opus is "The Dictionary of Chuvash Language", published in 17 parts between 1928 and 1958. He was also a Doctor of Turkology (1925).

Nicolai Apollonovich Baikov was an officer of the imperial Russian army, and explorer, a naturalist and a hunter. He spent many years in Manchuria and wrote numerous books on the region. Many of these have been translated into East Asian languages, but only Big Game Hunting in Manchuria was published in English.

Nikolai Sergeevich Bakhvalov was a Soviet and Russian mathematician.

Nikolai Efremovich Basistiy was an officer of the Soviet Navy. He rose to the rank of admiral and was commander of the Black Sea Fleet, in a career that spanned the First and Second World Wars, and the Russian Civil War.