Nikolai Baturin was an Estonian award-winning novelist and playwright.

Nikolay Georgievich Bayev was an Armenian architect, who mainly worked in Baku in the 1910s and in Soviet Armenia since the 1920s.

Nikolai Fedotovich Bazhin was a Russian Empire writer, journalist and critic.

Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev was a Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person. Alternative historical spellings of his surname in English include "Berdiaev" and "Berdiaeff", and of his given name "Nicolas" and "Nicholas". Russian paleontologist and Christian apologist Alexander V. Khramov attributes his ideas about an atemporal human fall to Berdyaev and Evgenii Nikolaevitch Troubetzkoy.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Berg was a Russian poet, journalist, translator and historian.

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein was a Soviet neurophysiologist who has pioneered motion-tracking devices and formal processing of information obtained from the use of these devices. He was also one of first psychologists to suggest that behaviour is generative, constructive and not reactive. He was born and died in Moscow.

Nikolai Nikalayevich Biasi was a Soviet General, sportsman and writer.

Nikolai Ivanovich Biryukov was a Soviet Army soldier and officer. He fought in the Russian Civil War and in World War II, where he attained the rank of lieutenant general, and was decorated Hero of the Soviet Union.

Nikolai Alexandrovich Blagoveshchensky, , was a Russian writer, journalist and ethnographer.

Prince Nikolai Borisovich Galitzin (Russian: Николай Борисович Голицын, was a Russian aristocrat, of the Galitzin family. He was an amateur musician, and is known particularly for his commissioning three string quartets — opp. 127, 130 and 132 — from Ludwig van Beethoven, which are among the composer's group of late string quartets.