Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov was an explorer and naturalist from the Russian Empire.

Nikolai Vasil'evich Shelgunov was a Russian forestry professor, journalist, and literary critic, who became a notable figure of the Russian nihilist movement.

Nikolai Shelyagovich is an initiator and proponent of the idea of the establishment of Polesian autonomy in Soviet Byelorussia in the 1980s. However, he and his associated received almost no support and the campaign eventually melted away. In particular, writer Nil Hilevich and some others spoke against him, claiming threat to the national integrity of Belarus, which was labelled as "Yotvingian separatism".

Nikolai Grigoryevich Shklyar was a Russian, Soviet children's writer and playwright.

Nikolai Shpanov (1896–1961) was a Russian political writer, who wrote Incendiaries, 1949, in which he described the lead-up of the Second World War.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Skomorokhov was a flying ace in the Soviet Air Forces who scored over 40 individual shootdowns of enemy aircraft during the Second World War. He was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and went on to become a Marshal of Aviation.

Soviet Marshal of the aviation Nikolai Semenovich Skripko (1902–1987)

Nikolai Vasilyevich Snessarev (Николай Васильевич Снессарев, was a Russian journalist, writer, literary critic and politician, in 1910s a member the Saint Petersburg City Duma. A prominent Novoye Vremya contributor and official, and later, in emigration, a supporter of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, Snessarev's two major books, "The New Times Mirage" and "Kirill I, the Koburg Emperor", were satirizing both Novoye Vremya and the Grand Duke of Russia, whom he by now has got totally disillusioned with.

Nikolai Spathari, also known as Nicolae Milescu and Nicolae Milescu Spătaru, or Spătarul Milescu-Cârnu, was a Moldavian-born writer, diplomat and traveler, who lived and worked in the Tsardom of Russia. He spoke nine languages: Romanian, Russian, Latin, both Attic and Modern Greek, French, German, Turkish and Swedish. One of his grandsons was the Spătar (Chancellor) Yuri Stefanovich, who came to Russia in 1711 with Dimitrie Cantemir.

Nikolai Vladimirovich Stankevich was a Russian public figure, philosopher, and poet.