CHAPTER VII.—ALL HALLOW TIDE TO MARTINMAS
[ 1 .] R. Chambers, “The Book Of Days” (London, n.d.), ii. 538 [referred to as “B. D.”]; T. F. Thiselton Dyer, “British Popular Customs” (London, 1876), 396 f.
[ 2 .] [Sir] J. Rhys, “Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion as illustrated by Celtic Heathendom” (London, 1888), 514, “Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx” (Oxford, 1901), i. 321.
[ 3 .] Tille, “Y. & C.,” 57 f.
[ 4 .] Rhys, “Celtic Folklore,” i. 315 f.
[ 5 .] J. Dowden, “The Church Year and Kalendar” (Cambridge, 1910), 23 f.
[ 6 .] Cf. J. G. Frazer, “Adonis, Attis, Osiris” (2nd Edition, London, 1907), 315 f.
[ 7 .] E. B. Tylor, “Primitive Culture” (3rd Edition, London, 1891), ii. 38.
[ 8 .] Frazer, “Adonis,” 310.
[ 9 .] Ibid. 312 f.
[ 10.] P. Sébillot, “Coutumes populaires de la Haute-Bretagne” (Paris, 1886), 206.
[ 11.] L. von Hörmann, “Tiroler Volksleben” (Stuttgart, 1909), 193.
[ 12.] Frazer, “Adonis,” 315.
[ 13.] G. Pitrè, “Spettacoli e feste popolari siciliane” (Palermo, 1880), 393 f. Cf. H. F. Feilberg, “Jul” (Copenhagen, 1904), i. 67.
[ 14.] “Notes and Queries” (London), 3rd Series, vol. i. 446; Dyer, 408.
[ 15.] Frazer, “Adonis,” 250.
[ 16.] Dyer, 405 f.
[ 17.] Notes and Queries, 1st Series, vol. iv. 381; Dyer, 407.
[ 18.] C. S. Burne and G. F. Jackson, “Shropshire Folk-Lore” (London, 1883), 383.
[ 19.] Ibid. 381 f.
[ 20.] Quoted by Dyer, 410.
[ 21.] O. von Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, “Das festliche Jahr der germanischen Völker” (2nd Edition, Leipsic, 1898), 390.
[ 22.] “Archivio per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari” (Palermo), vol. viii. 574.
[ 23.] Hörmann, “Tiroler Volksleben,” 189 f.
[ 24.] Frazer, “Adonis,” 303 f.
[ 25.] Ibid. 306 f.
[ 26.] Evans, 363 f.
[ 27.] Dyer, 394.
[ 28.] Ibid. 398.
[ 29.] Ibid. 394. Cf. Chambers, “B. D.,” ii. 519 f.
[ 30.] Dyer, 395.
[ 31.] Ibid. 399.
[ 32.] Ibid. 397 f.
[ 33.] S. O. Addy, “Household Tales, with other Traditional Remains. Collected in the Counties of Lincoln, Derby, and Nottingham” (London and Sheffield, 1895), 82.
[ 34.] Ibid. 85.
[ 35.] W. Henderson, “Folk Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders” (2nd Edition, London, 1879), 101.
[ 36.] Dyer, 399.
[ 38.] Rhys, “Celtic Folklore,” i. 321, “Celtic Heathendom,” 514.
[ 39.] Rhys, “Celtic Folklore,” i. 328.
[ 40.] MacCulloch, “Religion of the Ancient Celts,” 259, 261.
[ 41.] Rhys, “Celtic Heathendom,” 515.
[ 42.] Ibid. 515.
[ 43.] Ibid. 515, “Celtic Folklore,” i. 225.
[ 44.] MacCulloch, “Religion of the Ancient Celts,” 262.
[ 45.] Brand, 211.
[ 46.] Dyer, 402.
[ 47.] Ibid. 394 f.
[ 48.] Frazer, “Golden Bough,” iii. 299 f.
[ 49.] Burne and Jackson, 389.
[ 50.] Dyer, 409.
[ 51.] J. Grimm, “Teutonic Mythology” (Eng. Trans. by J. S. Stallybrass, London, 1880-8), i. 47.
[ 52.] K. Weinhold, “Weihnacht-Spiele und Lieder aus Süddeutschland und Schlesien” (Vienna, 1875), 6.
[ 53.] U. Jahn, “Die deutschen Opfergebräuche bei Ackerbau und Viehzucht” (Breslau, 1884), 262.
[ 54.] Ibid. 262.
[ 55.] Weinhold, 6.
[ 56.] Dyer, 472.
[ 57.] Notes and Queries, 1st Series, vol. i. 173; Dyer, 486.
[ 58.] Weinhold, 7.
[ 59.] Ibid. 10.
[ 60.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 449.
[ 61.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 166.
[ 62.] Dyer, 480.
[ 63.] Feilberg, ii. 228 f.
[ 64.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 393.
[ 65.] Tacitus, “Annales,” lib. i. cap. 50, quoted by Tille, “Y. & C.,” 25.
[ 66.] Tille, “Y. & C.,” 26.
[ 67.] Ibid. 52.
[ 68.] Ibid. 27.
[ 69.] Brand, 216 f.
[ 70.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 401 f. For German Martinmas feasting, see also Jahn, 229 f.
[ 71.] Grimm, iv. 1838, for Danish custom; Jahn, 235 f., for German.
[ 72.] “The Folk-Lore Record” (London), vol. iv., 1881, 107; Dyer, 420.
[ 73.] MacCulloch, “Religion of the Ancient Celts,” 260.
[ 74.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 403.
[ 75.] Jahn, 246 f.
[ 76.] Ibid. 246; Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 403.
[ 77.] Tille, “Y. & C.,” 34 f.
[ 78.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 404; Jahn, 250.
[ 79.] Jahn, 247.
[ 80.] Angela Nardo-Cibele in Archivio trad. pop., vol. v. 238 f., for Venetia; Pitrè, 411 f., for Sicily.
[ 81.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 405.[375]
[ 82.] Jahn, 240.
[ 83.] Ibid. 241 f.
[ 84.] Ibid. 241.
[ 85.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 404.
[ 86.] Weinhold, 7.
[ 87.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 268; Weinhold, 7; Tille, “D. W.,” 25.
[ 88.] Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, illustration facing p. 406.
[ 89.] Ibid. 405.
[ 90.] Ibid. 404.
[ 91.] Ibid. 410; Tille, “D. W.,” 26 f.; W. Mannhardt, “Der Baumkultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstämme” (Berlin, 1875. Vol. i. of “Wald- und Feldkulte”), 273.
[ 92.] Cf. Mannhardt, “Baumkultus,” 303, and Reinach, i. 180.
[ 93.] Archivio trad. pop., vol. v. 238 f., 358 f.
[ 94.] Mannhardt, “Baumkultus,” 274.