POSTSCRIPT
[ 1 .] E. Underhill, “Mysticism: A Study in the Nature and Development of Man's Spiritual Consciousness” (London, 1911), 305.[371]
PART II.—PAGAN SURVIVALS
CHAPTER VI.—PRE-CHRISTIAN WINTER FESTIVALS
[ 1 .] Karl Pearson, essay on “Woman as Witch” in “The Chances of Death and other Studies in Evolution” (London, 1897), ii. 16.
[ 2 .] Cf. J. G. Frazer, “The Dying God” (London, 1911), 269.
[ 3 .] J. A. MacCulloch, “The Religion of the Ancient Celts” (Edinburgh, 1911), 278.
[ 4 .] Frazer, “Dying God,” 266.
[ 5 .] E. Anwyl, “Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times” (London, 1906), 1 f.
[ 6 .] Ibid. 20; cf. E. K. Chambers, “The Mediaeval Stage” (Oxford, 1903), i. 100 f. [Referred to as “M. S.”]
[ 7 .] W. Robertson Smith, “Lectures on the Religion of the Semites” (New Edition, London, 1894), 16.
[ 8 .] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 236; W. W. Fowler, “The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic” (London, 1899), 272.
[ 9 .] “The Works of Lucian of Samosata” (Eng. Trans. by H. W. and F. G. Fowler, Oxford, 1905), iv. 108 f.
[ 10.] John Brand, “Observations on Popular Antiquities” (New Edition, with the Additions of Sir Henry Ellis, London, Chatto & Windus, 1900), 283.
[ 11.] “Works of Lucian,” iv. 114 f.
[ 12.] Ibid. iv. 109.
[ 13.] J. G. Frazer, “The Golden Bough” (2nd Edition, London, 1900), iii. 138 f., and “The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kingship” (London, 1911), ii. 310 f.
[ 14.] W. W. Fowler, “The Religious Experience of the Roman People” (London, 1911), 107, 112.
[ 15.] Fowler, “Roman Festivals,” 268, and “Religious Experience,” 107; C. Bailey, “The Religion of Ancient Rome” (London, 1907), 70.
[ 16.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 237 f.; Fowler, “Roman Festivals,” 278.
[ 17.] Quoted from “Libanii Opera,” ed. by Reiske, i. 256 f., by G. Bilfinger, “Das germanische Julfest” (vol. ii. of “Untersuchungen über die Zeitrechnung der alten Germanen,” Stuttgart, 1901), 41 f.
[ 18.] “Libanii Opera,” iv. 1053 f., quoted by Bilfinger, 43 f.
[ 19.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 237 f., 258.
[ 20.] A. Tille, “Yule and Christmas” (London, 1899), 96. [Referred to as “Y. & C.”]
[ 21.] J. C. Lawson, “Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion” (Cambridge, 1910), 221 f. Cf. M. Hamilton, “Greek Saints and their Festivals” (London, 1910), 98.
[ 22.] Chambers, “M. S.,” ii. 290 f.
[ 23.] Latin text in Chambers, “M. S.,” ii. 297 f.
[ 24.] Ibid. i. 245.
[ 25.] Tille, “Y. & C.,” 88 f.; Chambers, “M. S.,” ii. 303 f.[372]
[ 26.] Tille, “Y. & C.,” throughout; Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 288 f.; Chantepie de la Saussaye, “The Religion of the Ancient Teutons” (Boston, 1902), 382. Cf. O. Schrader, in Hastings's “Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics” (Edinburgh, 1909), ii. 47 f.
[ 27.] MacCulloch, “Religion of the Ancient Celts,” 258 f. Cf. Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 228, 234.
[ 28.] Tille, “Y. & C.,” 203.
[ 29.] [Sir] A. J. Evans, “Christmas and Ancestor Worship in the Black Mountain,” in “Macmillan's Magazine” (London), vol. xliii., 1881, 363.
[ 30.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 247.
[ 31.] Tille, “Y. & C.,” 64.
[ 32.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 232.
[ 33.] Ibid. i. 130; W. Robertson Smith, 213 f.
[ 34.] Frazer, “Dying God,” 129 f.
[ 35.] See N. W. Thomas in “Folk-Lore” (London), vol. xi., 1900, 227 f.
[ 36.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 132 f.
[ 37.] W. Robertson Smith, 437 f.
[ 38.] J. E. Harrison, “Themis: A Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion” (Cambridge, 1912), 67. Cf. E. F. Ames, “The Psychology of Religious Experience” (London and Boston, 1910), 95 f.
[ 39.] Harrison, “Themis,” 137.
[ 40.] Ibid. 110.
[ 41.] S. Reinach, “Cultes, mythes, et religions” (Paris, 1905), i. 93. For the theory that totems were originally food-objects, see Ames, 118 f.
[ 42.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 133.
[ 43.] Ibid. i. 105 f., 144.
[ 44.] Harrison, “Themis,” 507.
[ 45.] W. Robertson Smith, 255.
[ 46.] Bede, “Historia Ecclesiastica,” lib. i. cap. 30. Latin text in Bede's Works, edited by J. A. Giles (London, 1843), vol. ii. p. 142.
[ 47.] Frazer, “Golden Bough,” iii. 143.
[ 48.] Jerome, “Comm. in Isaiam,” lxv. 11. Latin text in Chambers, “M. S.,” ii. 294.
[ 49.] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 266.
[ 50.] Latin text in Chambers, “M. S.,” ii. 306.
[ 51.] Bede, “De Temporum Ratione,” cap. 15, quoted by Chambers, i. 231. See also Tille, “Y. & C.,” 152 f., and Bilfinger, 131, for other views.
[ 52.] Frazer, “Golden Bough,” iii. 70 f.
[ 53.] See Frazer, “Magic Art,” i. 52.
[ 54.] Cf. Frazer, “Golden Bough,” iii. 300 f.
[ 55.] Latin text in H. Usener, “Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen,” part ii. (Bonn, 1889), 43 f. See also A. Tille, “Die Geschichte der deutschen Weihnacht” (Leipsic, 1893), 44 f. [Referred to as “D. W.”]
[ 56.] Philip Stubbs, “Anatomie Of Abuses” (Reprint of 3rd Edition of 1585, edited by W. B. Turnbull, London, 1836), 205.
[ 57.] Quoted by J. Ashton, “A righte Merrie Christmasse!!” (London, n.d.), 26 f.