Chapter 11
[1]Erland Nordenskiöld, Modifications in Indian Customs Through Inventions and Loans (Comparative Ethnographical Studies, no. 8, 1930), 23-24.
[2]Nordenskiöld, “Origin of the Indian Civilizations in South America,” in The American Aborigines (1933), 278.
[3]Ibid., 285.
[4]Robert H. Lowie, The History of Ethnological Theory (1937), 165.
[5]Herbert J. Spinden, “The Origin and Distribution of Agriculture in America,” in Source Book in Anthropology (1931), 228.
[6]Carl Sauer, “American Agricultural Origins,” in Essays in Anthropology, ed. R. H. Lowie (1936), 281.
[7]N. I. Vavilov, “Studies on the Origin of Cultivated Plants,” Bulletin of Applied Botany, vol 16, no. 2, pp. 218-219 (1926). S. M. Bukasov and others, “The Cultivated Plants of Mexico, Guatemala, and Colombia,” 47th Supplement to the Bulletin of Applied Botany, 1930. Other papers listed in Henry J. Bruman, “The Russian Investigations on Plant Genetics in Latin America and Their Bearing on Culture History,” Handbook of Latin American Studies (1937), 287.
[8]Bruman, op. cit., 451.
[9]Sauer, op. cit., 288.
[10]Bruman, op. cit., 456.
[11]Richard S. MacNeish, “Agricultural Origins in Middle America and Their Diffusion into North America,” Katunob, vol. 1, no. 2 (1960), 29.
[12]Harold S. Gladwin, Excavations at Snaketown (Medallion Papers, Gila Pueblo, no. 26, 1937), 2:79.
[13]Bruman, op. cit., 456-457.
[14]O. F. Cook, “Staircase Farms of the Ancients,” National Geographic Magazine, 29:513 (1916).
[15]P. C. Mangelsdorf and R. G. Reeves, The Origin of Indian Corn and Its Relatives (Bulletin No. 574, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1939), 7.
[16]Ibid., 7.
[17]Ibid., 8, 7.
[18]Sauer, op. cit., 292.
[19]G. N. Collins, “The Phylogeny of Maize,” Bulletin, Torrey Botanical Club, 57:203 (1930).
[20]Bruman, op. cit., 457.
[21]Sylvanus G. Morley, The Ancient Maya (1946), 386.
[22]MacNeish, op. cit., 27.
[23]Paul C. Mangelsdorf, “Ancestor of Corn,” Science, 128:1314 (1958).
[24]Paul C. Mangelsdorf and C. Earle Smith, Jr., “A Discovery of Primitive Maize in New Mexico,” Journal of Heredity, 40:39-43 (1949), and “New Archaeological Evidence on Evolution in Maize,” Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets, vol. 13, no. 8, 213-247 (Mar., 1949).
[25]Willard F. Libby, Radiocarbon Dating (1955), 133.
[26]Junius Bird, “South American Radiocarbon Dates,” in Radiocarbon Dating (Memoirs, Society for American Archaeology, vol. 17, no. 1, pt. 2, 1951), 48.
[27]Wm. Duncan Strong, ‘Finding the Tomb of a Warrior-God,” National Geographic Magazine, 91:464, 459 (1947). Junius B. Bird, “Preceramic Cultures in Chicama and Virú,” in A Reappraisal of Peruvian Archaeology (Memoirs, Society for American Archaeology, vol. 13, no. 4, pt. 2, 1948), 28. Strong, “Cultural Epochs Refuse Stratigraphy in Peruvian Archaeology,” in A Reappraisal of Peruvian Archaeology, 99.
[28]Carl Sauer, personal communication, 1946.
[29]Oakes Ames, Economic Annuals and Human Cultures (Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 1939), 92-93.
[30]Edgar Anderson, “What Is Zea Mays?” Chronica Botanica, 9:89-90 (1945).
[31]C. R. Stonor and Edgar Anderson, “Maize Among the Hill Peoples of Assam,” Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 36:355-404 (1949).
[32]Mangelsdorf, “Ancestor of Corn,” Science, 128:1313.