Exercise XIX.
Why do you associate with those people?—I associate with them because they are useful to me—If you continue to associate with them you will get into bad scrapes, for they have many enemies—Do you know a good place to swim in?—I know one—Where is it?—On the side of the river behind the wood, near the high road—When shall we go to swim?—This evening if you please—Will you wait for me before the city gate?—I shall wait for you there, but I beg you not to forget it—You know that I never forget my promises—Is this man angry with you?—I think he is angry with me, because I do not go to see him; but I do not like to go to his house, for when I go there, instead of receiving me with pleasure, he looks displeased—Why do you look so sad?—I have experienced great misfortunes—You must not afflict yourself so much, for you know that we must yield to necessity—But, bless me, why do you cry so?
Twentieth Lesson
Of the Particle NACA-Causal.
NACA-Causal.
This particle is made use of, when the nominative produces on the accusative, that which the root signifies. It is also a nominative of this particle the cause or place where the effect is produced. The active voice is conjugated according to the rules laid down for naca potential. The scholar must pay particular attention to this particle in order to use it properly in its two acceptations.
The potential naca, is compounded but with roots of active verbs, and the causal with those of neuter verbs and of adjective nouns.
The present and past tenses of this passive are formed by putting guica, before the root and an after; the future and imperative with ca, before and an after: and the infinitive mood placing pagca or ca, before.
Remark. At Cebú and Bohol provinces is very often used na, instead of guica, with an invariably after the root. Examples:
| Of what illness did John die? | ¿Onsay namatyan or guicamatyan ni Juan? |
| He was struck with fever. | Ang hilanat maoy namatyan nia. |
2.a When speaking with this particle the natives insert between the subject and the verb, the verb maoy or mao, and ang, to express with more energy and precision the causality idea.
Remark. The recoleto P. Zueco, of great authority on the matter says, that the verb mao, must be always inserted between, both in active and passive voices, when speaking with the particle naca causal. Thus:
ACTIVE.
| The medicine did well with the sick. | Ang tambal maoy naca-ayo sa masaquit. |
PASSIVE.
| The medicine &. | Ang tambal maoy guica-ayohan sa masaquit. |
3.a When speaking by means of this particle in passive voice, the subjective and the objective cases stand invariably, changing only the verb. Examples: