A brief course in the teaching process

by George D. Strayer

VII. Mental or Oral Arithmetic

1. Historical Status of Oral Arithmetic.

2. Revival under Pestalozzi’s Influence. The Work of Warren Colburn in this Country.

3. Causes of the Decline of this Form of Work.

4. The Claims of Oral Arithmetic upon the School To-day. The Practical and Psychological Views of the Problem.

5. The Nature of the Oral Work,—Abstract and Concrete.

6. The Time to be allowed to the Subject.

References: Smith, Teaching of Elementary Mathematics, p. 117. Handbook to Arithmetics, p. 6. Young, p. 230.

VIII. Written Arithmetic

1. What should be the Nature of the Written Arithmetic?