118. The interrogative adverb of place, related to the interrogative pronoun kiu is kie, where, in (at) what place. If the verb in the sentence expresses motion toward the place indicated by kie, the ending -n is added, forming kien, whither (where):
Kie li estis kaj kien oni forpelis lin? Where was he and whither did they drive him (away)?
Li miros kie lia nepo estas, he will wonder where his grandson is.
Mi ne scias kien li kuris, I do not know where (whither) he ran.
THE PAST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE.
119. The past active participle, (for the characteristics of a participle see 108) expressing what the word modified did or has done, ends in -inta, as vidinta, having seen, irinta, gone, having gone:
La falintaj folioj estas brunaj, the fallen leaves are brown.
Kiu estas la viro salutinta nin? who is the man having greeted (who greeted) us?
Oni forgesas la foririntajn personojn, one forgets the departed persons (the persons who have gone away).
ADVERB DERIVATION FROM PREPOSITIONS.
120. Adverbs may be derived from prepositions whose sense permits, by use of the adverb ending -e:
Antaŭe li studis la geometrion, previously he studied geometry.
Poste li studis la germanan, afterwards he studied German.
Li marŝis antaŭe, ne malantaŭe, he walked in front, not behind.
Dume la viroj staris ĉirkaŭe, meanwhile the men stood roundabout.
Ili venis kune kaj sidis apude, they came together and sat near by.
ADVERBS EXPRESSING DIRECTION OF MOTION.
121. An adverb expressing place or direction is given the ending -n when used with a verb expressing motion toward that place or direction (69, 118, etc.):